Gender Equality and the Law
One of Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s primary goals of the Women’s Rights Project’s litigation was to prove that stereotypical treatment of gender under the law was unconstitutional. It was Ginsburg’s goal to make the Court realize that “the law’s differential treatment of men and women, rationalized as reflecting “natural” differences between the sexes, historically had tended to contribute to women’s subordination” (Ginsburg 11). Ginsburg carefully selected cases which she felt would produce the greatest results. To do this, she “pursue(d) a series of cases that illuminate(d) the most common instances of gender distinctions in the law (Ginsburg 14). In three cases, Reed v. Reed, Frontiero v. Richardson, and Craig v. Boren, Ginsburg was successful in arguing that legal distinctions on the basis of sex qualified as suspect classifications. Therefore the state must show a compelling interest in its legislation, and “must demonstrate that the means are necessarily related to the ends sought to be achieved by the statue and are the least restrictive” (Mezey 16). Today, it is debatable whether women are equal to men in the eyes of the law. However, without the Women’s Rights Project’s litigation of the nineteen seventies, women would be remain subjected to stereotypical legal treatment and thus would still be regulated to an inferior status of citizenship.
The first case in which the Supreme Court invalidated a law which discriminated on the basis of sex became extremely important because it set the president to which many future opinions would refer. Reed v. Reed, 1971, Ginsburg argued that Sally Reed was denied equal protection which should have been protected by the Fourteenth Amendment, when her husband wa...
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...udes by stating in it’s opinion for Goesart v. Cleary 1948, that “Michigan could, beyond question, forbid all women from working behind a bar” (Goldstein 102 ). However, in 1976 the Supreme Court “refused to approve laws which were based on archaic and overbroad generalizations or on old notions of role typing” (Mezey 19). Clearly, great strides have been taken towards anti stereotypical legislation, in roughly a quarter of a century. Legal equality for women is in large part due to the Women’s Rights Project’s litigation of the nineteen seventies and the legal genius of Ruth Bader Ginsburg who made the Court scrutinize sex Discrimination cases much more closely. The result is that the Supreme Court must “test policies and practices by asking whether they integrally contribute to the maintenance of an underclass or a deprived position because of gender” (Ginsburg 20).
Unbeknownst to the literary world, a future great American novelist, Francis Scott Fitzgerald was born in 1896. As an intellectual young man with great ambition, F. Scott Fitzgerald attended Princeton in the fall of 1913 with great hopes of fulfilling his dream to become a writer (“F. Scott Fitzgerald – Bio”, 2015). Unfortunately, Fitzgerald did not find much success at Princeton, was put on academic probation, and in 1917 left the school and enlisted himself into the U.S Army. During his time spent on base in Alabama, Fitzgerald met a woman, Zelda Sayre, and fell in love. Following his discharge at the end of the war, Fitzgerald and Zelda moved to Great Neck, New York on Long Island to pursue his literary aspirations
Ernest Hemingway was a great American author whom started his career humbly in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the ripe, young age of seventeen. Once the United States joined World War One, Hemingway deemed it fit to join a volunteer ambulance service. During this time Hemingway was wounded, and decorated by the Italian Government for his noble deeds. Once he completely recovered, he made his way back to the United States. Upon his arrival he became a reporter for the American and Canadian newspapers and was sent abroad to cover significant events. For example, he was sent to Europe to cover the Greek revolution. During his early adulthood, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris. This is known as the time in his life in which he describes in two of his novels; A Farewell to Arms and The Sun Also Rises the latter of the two being his first work. Hemingway was able to use his experiences of serving in the front during the war and his experience of being with other expatriates after the war to shape both of these novels. He was able to successful write these novels due to his past experience with working for newspapers. His experience with the newspaper seemed to be far more beneficial than just supplying him with an income, with the reporting experience under his belt he also was able to construct another novel that allowed him to sufficiently describe his experiences reporting during the Civil War; For Whom the Bell Tolls. Arguably his most tremendous short novel was a about an old fisherman’s journey and the long, lonely struggle with a fish and the sea with his victory being in defeat.
From the time Ernest Hemingway became a renowned author, his works, as well as his life, have been analyzed by many. Under such scrutiny, many aspects of Hemingway’s works and life experiences have been in question to the realities and fallacies, which he laid forth. Much of Hemingway’s life, especially his time volunteering as an ambulance driver in Europe, has been in question to the true validity of his myth as a true adventurer and hero. However, as I have found, much of the mythology surrounding Hemingway is very true indeed, which leads me to believe that he did not embellish his life but rather used his experiences to create some of the greatest works of literature to be written throughout the twentieth century.
Even to this day, women have not reached maximum equality, but the landmark Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade has helped the women’s equality movement drastically take a step in the right direction. Prior to the case, women had their rights very limited and restricted. Everyone was and still is entitled to their basic rights, however pregnant women were not. Their first, fourth, fifth, ninth, and fourteenth amendment rights were violated and were not addressed until Jane Roe testified in court. The decision made by the court still has a lasting impact even to this day. The landmark Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade was not just a win for Jane Roe, but a win for all women as it helped break the barrier that surrounded women’s equality.
Leonhard Euler was an outstanding mathematician. He was born on April 15, 1707 in the old city of Basel in Switzerland. His father Paul Euler was a Calvinist priest and an amateur mathematician. His early education and training was based on theology and related subjects. Because his father wants him to become a priest. That’s why he entered the University of Basel to study theology and Hebrew. At the age thirteen, he graduated from the University in philosophy major. Fortunately, famous University professor Johann Bernoulli recognized his early extraordinary ability in mathematics and physics. Who also gave him a private lesson in mathematics every Saturday afternoon. Johann Bernoulli soon realized that Euler would become a great mathematician
Southwest Airline’s greatest strength is their financial stability. They are able to maintain profits even when the industry is in economic crisis. Their financial success is in large part due to their low operational costs. Short haul, point-to-point trips allow them to save time and money. This not only provides faster trips to customers with shorter wait time, but also increase the amount of customer turnover which provides more profitability. Southwest should continue to operate at low costs so they may continue to provide low prices to their customers, since cheap flights is one of the keystones of the company.
...ere given the opportunity to be introduced to his inspiring work. Even though Euler was a mathematician, he also gave several memoirs into the astronomy field. His achievements would dominate from 60 to 80 quarto volumes. No other mathematician can compare Leonhard Euler to the amount of donations made in these fields. Euler would not stop until he found the solution. Despite his hard times such as, his wife passing away, his visual impairment, and his constant moving he continued to prove problems and open our minds to new solutions. Euler was an excellent mathematician and always found a way to change the world. His endless respect and constant praise from others built him up to the legacy he is today. His countless contributions will continue on into the future and his name will live on. Was a genius born or did he work his have the amount of knowledge he had?
Feminism as a Theory of Law As a concept, feminism is very much a modern notion within legal circles, which aims to eradicate any prejudice against women’s rights. This in a society strongly founded upon a male-orientated legal system, which historically fails to recognise the social and legal rights of women, and instead focuses upon “male-orientated theories and ideologies. ”[1] It is this patriarchy that feminists thrive to eliminate.
Leonhard Euler was easily the best mathematician of the eighteenth century. His contributions to mathematics ranges from common notation to proving the hypothesis of Newton and Leibnitz. His discoveries cannot be limited to just one field of interest, nor just the field of mathematics. He made great strides in geometry, infinitesimal calculus, trigonometry, algebra, and number theory, as well as continuum physics, lunar theory and other areas of physics. He is also one of the most well written mathematicians whose works could be contained in 60–80 quarto volumes. Probably the most extraordinary fact about him is that the majority of the work he did was in the last twenty years of his life, when he was completely blind. Euler is arguably one of the greatest mathematicians who ever lived.
From the beginning of time, females have played a powerful role in the shaping of this world. They have stood by idly and watched as this country moved on without them, and yet they have demanded equal rights as the nation rolls along. Through the years the common belief has been that women could not perform as well as men in anything, but over the years that belief has been proven wrong time and time again. So as time marches on, women have clawed and fought their way up the ladder to gain much needed equal respect from the opposite sex. However, after many years of pain and suffering, the battle for equal rights has not yet been won. Since women have fought for a long time and proven their importance in society, they deserve the same rights as men.
Escher also contributed to math in a way his art was graphed and designed even though he had no education past secondary schooling. Mathematics saw and loved his techniques the way they were graphed
Ernest Hemingway was a famed U.S. author who wrote many novels which was strongly influenced by the World War One and World War Two. As he participated in the both major wars, the first hand experience of the brutal war is conveyed with great detail and with heartfelt feelings. His works were majorly on the effects of wars on human beings and the men’s sense of honor and pride. Ernest Hemingway was inspirational writer of men’s ideals, especially during war, who clearly had uncommon experiences in his life, such as going through both World War One and World War Two, which was reflected upon most of his literary works.
Do we truly understand how the meaning to equality among men and women affect society. Jobs, health, and education are affected by what transpires from the meaning to gender equality. Throughout history equality has been debated. Equality is defined as getting respect and giving respect regardless of gender or culture through fair treatment and maximized happiness. Balance and harmony are developed from the application of ethical theories to aid society in defining the meaning to gender equality rather than debating the issue. Therefore, defining gender equality should be the role of society by utilizing ethical theories. The theories can be consequentialist or nonconsequentialist acts that develop and maintain good morality and ethical
In a summary, Euler was an impressive man from his contributions to higher level mathematics, to his ability to persevere through his condition of being blind, to having one of the most impressive memories in history. Euler may not have been the father of calculus but he was the one who nurtured it and gave life to some of the greatest mathematical concepts, formulas, equations, and numbers. Guass put it best when he said, “The study of Euler’s works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics and nothing else can replace it.”
Equality is a concept mankind never is able to grasp correctly. Of course humans will always search for different solutions to create fairness, but factors such as human greed, ignorance of mass populations, and even biological aspects stagnates the process of equality. The oldest and most relevant discussion on equality lies with the difference of sex; man versus woman. Initially, men, because of their physical superiority, were given the prospects many women never even dreamt to have. Conversely, as time has progressed, women have fought this unfair treatment with demands of suffrage and similar rights to those of their male equivalents. Greatly enough, this generation has done an exceptional job in the challenge of overcoming sexism and inequality. However, will this search for equality ever end? When can we say we have created an equal race of men and women? The fact of the matter is that it is truly impossible to have equality between the sexes because of predisposed circumstances that are not easily controllable in the slightest bit.