Angel Santizo
Routers
A router is a device used to connect two or more networks and move data between them. Routers work at the network layer of the OSI model. Routers are mainly used to connect networks and keep traffic between them under control. Companies that make routers include: Belkin, Cisco and Linksys.
How do they Work?
It’s a very complicated process how a router works. The simplest example would be a home network.
When the router turns on it loads into its operating system. The router sets up the network interface and the routes that it will run. The network and subnet for each interface on the routes are then added to the router. All non local data is sent along a simple static default route to the cable company.
If a web page is requested the router receives it, then checks the destination IP address. The bits in this IP address are used as a hash point for the correct route. This points the packet in the correct direction to be forwarded to. The router sends the packet in the correct direction, from one router to the next, until the packet makes it to the intended location it was sent to.
This is usually how any router works.
Why?
Routers are used to connect networks together and they also do the following network functions.
FUNCTIONS OF A ROUTER
• Control broadcasts on the LAN
• Act as the default gateway
• Translate protocols when necessary
• Send data to different networks
• Learn and advertise loop free paths
• Show the most efficient path to reach the correct destination
At the physical, data link and network layer Networks (most of the time Ethernet) use broadcast communication. Transmissions on the network layer broadcast to all devices or servers on the network layer. Network broadcast communication i...
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...een programmed this way, and finds routes based off of other routers. RAM is also used for caching is also used for other processes that help speed up the finding and using of data routes.
Network Interfaces: Routers contain many network interfaces. The operating system has 'drivers' that let the operating system gain control of network hardware in the interface modules. Routers know which routes are available on which ports on start up. After, they learn the routes that they can use using information available from other routers, and learn the network interface that sends the information to the correct destination.
Console: The last part that is usually in a router is the console. When routers were first widely spread, the console was the place where managing and configuring the router was performed, and was where most of the issues in a computer were sorted out.
10. The router line indicates to the client what its default gateway should be. The subnet mask line tells the client which subnet mask it should use.
When using routers, you need many routers in order to route the information to the correct location, as one router will not be able to manage this task. Explain how the routing schemes handle this problem.
... access to what and in which sequence. The router connects the LAN to other networks, which could be the Internet or another corporate network so that the LAN can exchange information with networks external to it. The most common LAN operating systems are Windows, Linux, and Novell. Each of these network operating systems supports TCP/IP as their default networking protocol. Ethernet is the dominant LAN standard at the physical network level, specifying the physical medium to carry signals between computers, access control rules, and a standardized set of bits used to carry data over the system. Originally, Ethernet supported a data transfer rate of 10 megabits per second (Mbps). Newer versions, such as Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, support data transfer rates of 100 Mbps and 1 gigabits per second (Gbps), respectively, and are used in network backbones.
For the west subnet, one ethernet_server and one ethernet4_slip8_gtwy router are connected with a bidirectional 100 BaseT link. The attributes of the server are shown in the picture
What is done to information to send it from one location to another on the Internet? It is broken into packets that travel across the internet and the packets take the most avaiable and efficient path and eventually all come together where they are suppose to be.
Wireless networks – While the term wireless network may technically be used to refer to any type of network that is wireless, the term is most commonly used to refer to a telecommunications network whose interconnection between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network. Wireless telecommunication networks are generally implemented with some type of remote information transmission system that uses electromagnetic waves, such as radio waves, for the carrier and this implementation usually takes place at the physical level or “layer” network.
The networks are controlled through use of a router. This router is the only device that sees every message sent by any computer on either of the company's two networks. The router ensures that information doesn't go where it is not needed. This is crucial for keeping large volumes of data from clogging the connections of other departments at MKS.
Communication is the process of transmitting information or messages from one person to another. It’s a process by which individuals or groups or organizational units undertake transactions in a variety of ways and within different areas with the aim of carrying out organizational goals (Griffin,
The seven layers, from lowest to highest, are physical, data link control, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. Data travels along the layers on the sending node from the application layer down through the layers until it reaches the physical layer. At the physical layer the data is transmitted over the physical medium to the physical layer at the receiving node. At this point, the data travels up the layers until it reaches the application layer in a format the end user can utilize (Cowley, 2012).
In conclusion, a local area network is made up of computers and a myriad of devices, such as routers, servers, switches, and firewalls. In order for it to connect to the Internet, a router must be installed. Servers provide special functions such as printing, file sharing, etc. Switches connect the computers together from different parts of the network. Firewalls prevent unauthorized access. There are a host of other devices that may be used as well. These devices are hubs, gateways, repeaters, wireless access points,
The data-link layer provides error-free transfer of data frames from one computer to another over the physical layer. The layers above this layer can assume virtually error-free transmission over the network. The data-link layer provides the following functions.
A network router is different from both a switch and a hub. Routers primarily route data packets to other networks. They provide the interfaces between external and internal networks (the Internet and a LAN, for example). A router usually contains other functions such as firewalls, traffic monitoring, VPN, and more services.
It just doesn't get much simpler than the physical bus topology when it comes to connecting nodes on a Local Area Network (LAN). The most common implementation of a linear bus topology is IEEE 802.3 Ethernet. All devices in a bus topology are connected to a single cable called the bus, backbone, or ether. The transmission medium has a physical beginning and an end. All connections must be terminated with a resistor to keep data transmissions from being mistaken as network traffic. The terminating resistor must match the impedance of the cable.
Explain how the two important transport protocols deliver messages on behalf of the application and discuss the differences between them