2.4 Fruit Marketing
2.4.1 Global Scenario
Globally, fruits are highly regarded for their variety, convenience and health benefits (Abate & Peterson, 2005). Countries such as Africa, North and Central America, South America, Asia, Europe and Oceanic are known for growing a number of fruits and China, The United States and Turkey have the highest production (FAO, 2013).
Since 1985 horticultural produce and commodities such as fruits and vegetables in developing countries are making up a large proportion of their exports which have led to an increase in their overall share of world productions (Segre, 1998). A share in the world agricultural trade of fruits and vegetables has increased from $3.4 billion (10.6 percent) in 1961 to nearly $70 billion
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In modern times the scene has changed with Produce being packed in wooden crates, bamboo baskets, plastic crates, plastic bags, or nylon sacks, and there are numerous opportunities to reduce the impacts of such packaging (UNIDO 2014). In Myanmar, mangosteen and rambutan are packed by crate. Bunches of banana are covered by banana leaves, which are used as packaging material for the protection of damage of bananas during the transportation. High value of Durian is packed by bamboo basket (Kyawmyint 2003). The European Union dedicates part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to the fruit and vegetable sector. It supports producers and fruit and vegetable cooperatives by offering them support via various different measures: the Single Payment Scheme; Producer Organisations; transitional payments for red berries; the promotion of agricultural produce; the School Fruit Scheme and rural development measures (European Farmers and Agri-Cooperatives). But in Gordon Foxall (2008) paper “Cooperative marketing in European agriculture” depicts that the United Kingdom differs from most of its …show more content…
The low prices offered on fruits usually do not cover the cost of production because of the unorganized marketing system such as poor marketing infrastructure and market information has a bearing on production levels (Kachule & Franzel , 2009) which is in the case of apple growers who face many problems in marketing due to increase in marketing costs and other expenses , even though the government has taken many steps ( Parmar , 2005)
2.4.3.2 Storage and packing facilities Storage facilities and packing houses for handling fresh produce in developing countries have poor logistics (Kader, 2010). An example is India where inadequate storage facility is the common problem with majority of farmers (Bhardwaj et al, 2012)
2.4.3.3 Problem of
RNRA Team, “Supermarkets, Fresh Produce and New Commodity Chains: What Future for the Small Producer?” Hot Topics: February, 2004.
As it becomes a successful market in Brazil, the supply is increasing as new companies join the market. The shifts have caused the market equilibrium of both the price and quantity to increase; between 2000 and 2009 the price increased up to 6000% (task sheet figure). The market has grown drastically, the supply increasing from 104 874 tonne in 2005 to 115 947 tonne in 2009 (IBGE, 2008, 2010). This market is efficient and is generating a gross net income without any intervention from the Government. However as the acai berry is exported, the local consumers have to compete with higher prices.
Among the multitude of American corporations, few stand out like the United Fruit Company. Reviled the world over, United Fruit was one of America’s most notable early multinational corporations. Operating all over Latin America and peddling their produce across the globe, United Fruit would get its start in Costa Rica, a small Central American country nestled between Nicaragua and Panama. The decision to attempt to modernize Costa Rica by General Tomás Guardia would prove to be a fateful one that forever altered the course of Central America.
Bananas are internationally one of the most frequently eaten fruit, not just in the tropics where they are typically grown, but in regions like North America and Europe. However, the way bananas are produced and exported gives an insight into a number of global issues. For decades one multinational, United Fruit Company (now declined), was often accused of trying to change or bribe Latin American government officials in replace for preferential conduct, exploiting workers, creating an abusive cartel, and—similar to accusations some oil companies have
This highlights that a core principal of economics is the decisions and choices to be made in order to manage limited resources. Furthermore, that microeconomics pertains to the behaviours that affect these decisions and choices made at an individual level. As demonstrated by the avocado industry recently, motives and variable factors for increases/decreases in supply and demand will not always be transparent to the consumer. Therefore, to have an understanding of the concepts of microeconomics and the market can elucidate the individual consumer’s decision making rationale rather than making
The Common Agriculture has never been so important, with predictions of a population rising globally, as conditions have improved and hence people are living longer (UN Population , 2011). With this population growth there will be more consumers to feed. It is paramount that there is security of food with duties that the food is of high standard and that ethics are considered. In conclusion, CAP is a superior of the agriculture sector, they have different principles which corporations must follow, and if anything should exceed this with the likes of organic goods, Fairtrade to better their image.
Josling, Tim. “Key Issues in the World Trade Organization Negotiations on Agriculture.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics v.85, n3 (August 2003): 663-667
Pollack, P. L. (n.d.). Consumer Demand for Fruit and Vegetables: the U.S. Example, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved Nov. 22, 2011, from http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/wrs011/wrs011h.pdf
Apples can be grown farther North than any other tree fruit. The reason for this is that the tree blooms in late spring when it is unlikely that the blossoms will be harmed by frost. While France harvests more apples than America, the yearly U.S. harvest is around one hundred and fifty million bushels, with the largest apple-growing state being Washington.
In the United States thousands of pounds of food are thrown out each year from grocery stores. The primary reason food products are thrown out has little to do with consumability. It has to do with the little black numbers branded on every bottle, bag, and box proclaiming when a store should sell the labeled product by. When the date on the box is reached, the product is thrown away and no longer sold; however, most times the product is still able to be consumed and sellable. Another factor that contributes to unnecessary food waste is image. In stores, produce such as vegetables and fruit are often thrown away if they are considered to be” ugly” because who would want an “ugly” carrot or tomato. However, there are people who would gladly take
O’Hara, Sabine U., and Sigrid Stagl. "Global Food Markets and their Local Alternatives: A Socio-Ecological Economic Perspective." Population and Environment 22.6 (2001): pp. 533-554. Web.
The orange, one of the oldest cultivated fruits known to man, have been grown for more than 4,000 years. They probably originated in the part of Asia that contains India and China. Oranges are known for their delicious juice and vitamin C content. They also contain a source of potassium and folic acid.
The developed world’s love affair with local/organic farming (peasant farming as Collier describes it) has decreased food production worldwide because it does not use the land efficiently enough as with commercial agriculture companies. It also requires government subsidies that large commercial farming companies do not necessarily need. By increasing commercial farming, the world food supply will inevitably increase over a short period.
Agriculture has changed dramatically, especially since the end of World War II. Food and fibre productivity rose due to new technologies, mechanization, increased chemical use, specialization and government policies that favoured maximizing production. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labour demands to produce the majority of the food and fibre.
Two common products that are Fair Trade Certified are Cocoa and Coffee, each of which contains problems that producers face but gain benefits from Fair Trade. Fairtrade International states that cocoa is grown in tropical regions of more than 30 developing countries, such as West Africa and Latin America, providing an estimate of 14 million people with livelihood. Fair Trade Standards for cocoa includes no forced labor of any kind - including child labor and environmental standards restricts the use of chemicals and encourage sustainability. A problem cocoa producers face is the lack of access to markets and financing. Since cocoa is a seasonal crop, producers need loans to meet the needs for planting and cultivating their crop. With this in mind,...