The experiment was a three week long experiment. Prior to fully engaging in the experiment, it was important to sort out the flies. In order to separate out the flies, they had to be put to sleep. The blue caps were removed first and then put to sleep. Using the Triethylamine anesthetic fly nap, the vials were placed horizontally on their side so that the side without any netting was at the top, the swab once submerged into the fly nap was then inserted into the vials containing the flies. It was important to make sure the fly nap applicator did not touch the flies and did not stay in the vial for too long because it would kill them. Once the flies were asleep, they were emptied out onto index cards with the help of a paint brush; of course …show more content…
To distinguish between males and females, a microscope and magnifying glass was used to analyze several different factors. Body type was one characteristic looked at because while females consisted of a lot of body segments and a pointed abdomen, males have fewer segments with a black, rounded abdomen. The difference in body sizes were also a factor to separate between sexes. Females were comparably larger than males who also had sex combs on their legs. There were several other distinguishable markings used in order to separate the flies based on their sex. Once the flies were separated based on sex, the number of male to female were counted to make sure there was an equal ratio between the two. The F1 generation male and female groups were divided into groups to equally mate. The mating process began by acquiring empty vials, sponges to cover the vials, and labels to label each vial. The vials were labeled with the name of the individuals and the type of cross, either monohybrid or dihybrid cross. Once each vial was labeled, they were all filled with …show more content…
Again, the blue cap was removed, the vials were titled on their side, and the swab that was submerged into the Triethylamine fly nap was placed into the vials containing the flies. Once the flies were asleep, the parents were emptied out onto an index card. The larvae, however, were still kept in the vials, and the sponges were replaced and capped the vials once again. The flies that were asleep on the index card were placed into the fly morgue (empty vials with sponge) with all fly napped swab inserted into it. The vial that contained the larvae was placed into the box for further
Variation in selection pressures on the goldenrod gall fly and the competitive interactions of its natural enemies
Vestigial females will be crossed with equal numbers of vestigial males and wild type males. I this population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium we would predict an equal number of wild type and vestigial offspring in the next generation. However, according to Bastock and Manning An equal number of females and each type of male were introduced into each test tube, but in my own sample and those of others in the class there were mortalities throughout the experiment.
Then they would gradually slow down until reaching a complete stop. They constantly clumped together and tried to climb out of the petri dishes. Periodically, the pillbugs would fall on their backs and struggle to get back on their legs. Some of the pillbugs were small and some were big.
We then allowed the larvae to hatch, and counted and recorded the total number of flies, the phenotype, and the sex. After taking down all this information this would allow us to perform a F1 cross, we made sure to examine the flies carefully since we needed virgin flies. We prepared a new vial with the a 1:1 ratio of medium and water. After recording the data of the F1 generation, and picking out the virgin flies for the crossing, and we killed of the rest of the flies using the oil method. After some time passed the F1 generation had larva in the vial. Once we noticed the larva we had to put the flies to sleep and collect the data. We then had to prepare another two new vials and medium and water. Carefully observing the flies and picking out three males and three female virgin flies to place into the new vial. Than killing of the other flies. After about a week we had the F2 generation. This was the most important generation, it was what we were looking for to allow us to observe and compare our experiment to Mendel’s experiment. We were looking for a 9:3:3:1 ratio with our flies. Using a basic Punnett square table and the crossing that we had accomplished our results should have looked like the following Punnett square.
The major topic of this experiment was to examine two different crosses between Drosophila fruit flies and to determine how many flies of each phenotype were produced. Phenotype refers to an individual’s appearance, where as genotype refers to an individual’s genes. The basic law of genetics that was examined in this lab was formulated by a man often times called the “father of genetics,” Gregor Mendel. He determined that individuals have two alternate forms of a gene, referred to as two alleles. An individual can me homozygous dominant (two dominant alleles, AA), homozygous recessive, (two recessive alleles, aa), or heterozygous (one dominant and one recessive allele, Aa). There were tow particular crosses that took place in this experiment. The first cross-performed was Ebony Bodies versus Vestigle Wings, where Long wings are dominant over short wings and normal bodies are dominant over black bodies. The other cross that was performed was White versus Wild where red eyes in fruit flies are dominant over white eyes.
The purpose of this experiment is to conduct genetics studies using drosophila fly as the test organism. Scientists can study the basic biology that is shared by all organisms using a model organism, such as drosophila fly1. Drosophila fly, or more commonly known as fruit fly, has several qualities that makes it well suited for experimental genetics cross. First, fruit flies are low maintenance organisms. They are small in size (few millimeters long), so they occupy a small space and a lot of them can fit in one vial at the same time. They only require a media to feed on. In this lab, instant media was used, which is efficient as it only requires the addition of water to be used. This media contains ingredients that the fruit fly can feed one,
In this lab we were testing to see how the alleles for certain traits were passed on from parent to offspring. We used an online simulator to cross the flies instead of crossing the fruit flies ourselves because
Sex is the biological composition of either a male or female. For example, females have XX chromosomes in their DNA; their reproduction system consists of an egg and a vagina, and they also have functional breasts. Males, on the other hand, have XY chromosomes in their DNA; their reproductive system consists of sperm, testes, and a penis. Gender is the array of characteristics that distinguish a male from female and according to their attributes. However, there are some people whose sexual organs are imperfect, according to the roles of gender and sex, an example are hermaphrodites, because they have both a male and female’s sexual organs. Hermaphrodites tend to stay in the middle, grayish area between a male and a female. Society uses binaries to classify a male as men, with masculine traits, and a female as women who have feminine traits. Masculine traits are the roughness, muscles, broad shoulders, and deep voice men, or women, can possess. On the other hand, feminine traits include the long hair, soft skin, angelic glow and soft voice that either a women or men can own.
He sees it kill a rabbit, and he learns that there are at least three swarms now, if not more. Jack goes out into the open with Mae, a cop-worker, to inspect the animal, because he does not believe that the swarm had actually done this. What he sees is that the animal is in fact dead, and that there are nanoparticles left over in the rabbit’s throat and stomach. This implies that the swarm had choked the rabbit, but as to why is unknown. During this process, Mae had to run inside to grab some more tubes, and Jack was left out there alone. But then the swarms make an appearance. They attack and almost kill Jack. Soon after that point, Jack decides that he needs to take out these swarms, and him and Mae come up with a way to do it. The supplies he needs though are in the shed which is outside. Jack also thinks that he should do it at night because the swarms are supposed to run out of energy without sunlight. Had this been the case, they would have been inactive scattered in the ground, an easy target to take out. On there adventure out to the shed, two people die. ThoughE that night, they follow the swarm out to their “hiding” place and plan to destroy them. The nanoparticles are still active, but they manage to destroy some of them. Once back to the plant, Mae and Jack find out that Charley has been killed from what seemed to be the swarm that was left inside him. Later on though after
In order to figure out the genes responsible, there are several other factors that must be determined. These factors include the number of genes involved, if each gene is x-linked or autosomal, if the mutant or wild-type allele for each is dominant, and if genes are linked or on different chromosomes. Proposed crosses include reciprocal crosses between the pure-breeding mutants of strains A and B with the wild-type will help determine if the genes or sex-linked or autosomal, in addition to which alleles are dominant (8). Another proposed cross includes complementation crosses between pure-breading mutants from strains A and B to determine if one or two genes are involved (8). Furthermore, testcrosses between F1 progeny and pure-breeding recessive mutants from strains A and B, which will help determine if genes are linked on the chromosome or if they assort independently (8). These proposed crosses are shown in the attached
In this experiment, Mendelain Models are observed. The purpose of the experiment is to understand how traits are passed from one generation to the other as well as understanding the difference between sex linked and autosomal genes. One particular trait that is observed in this experiment is when a fly is lacking wings, also known as an apterous mutation. In this experiment, we will determine whether this mutation is carried on an autosomal chromosome or on a sex chromosome. The data for this experiment will be determined statistically with the aid of a chi-square. If the trait is autosomal, then it will be able to be passed to the next generation on an autosomal chromosome, meaning that there should be an equal amount of male and
Conclusion for class di-hybrid cross: The p value 0.779 is in the non-significant range in the chi square table. The null hypothesis is therefore correct. Sepia eyes and vestigial wings in the flies is a mutation in the genes that is not linked meaning it is a product of independent assortment.
From here, we can see the differences in the target markets of 7-Eleven and the competitors. As mentioned above, 7-Eleven is focused on meeting the needs of convenience-oriented.
The freshly squeezed citrus juices of Lemon,lime and orange were analysed through titration over the period of 2 weeks. Initially the lime juice was found to be slightly more acidic than the other juices followed by lemon juice and then orange juice since it is known that usually lime is more acidic than lemon and orange. It was hypothesised that the acidity of each juice will increase or decrease after the period of two weeks depending upon the sugar content of that citrus fruit that the juice is extracted from. The acidity of the juice with the highest sugar level will gradually increase over the period of time since sugar contribute to the the fermentation of the citrus juice to lactic acid. The hypothesis was shown to be correct;however
Most of today’s theorists and scientists have a different perception of determining whether or not gender can be based on biological factors, or evolutionary factors. Gender determination involving humans can be identified by evaluating male and female chromosomes. Theorist of Penn State (2005) contains that chromosomes is a combination of instructions used to produce organism. As previously stated, the male chromosomes consist of X and Y. These two chromosomes are responsible for creating male gender and their ability to produce sperm. The female egg consists of double XX chromosome. Based on this theory, the X chromosomes carry a more dominant instruction manual than the Y chromosome.