Friendship Expectations of Early Adolescents in Cuba and Canada

603 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Moral value in youth

Friendship Expectations of Early Adolescents in Cuba and Canada

Gonzales, Y.S., & Moreno, D.S., & Schneider, B.H. (2004). Friendship expectations of early adolescents in Cuba and Canada. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 436-445.
The article entitled “Friendship Expectations of Early Adolescents in Cuba and Canada” is a study done to see whether the emphasis of character education, as in Cuba, or moral education, as in Canada, create different types of friendships in developing adolescents. He purpose of this study is to see how much the Cuban culture, which is interdependent, is reproduced in the children’s idea of friendship. The Canadians were used to compare the results from Cuba to. The author’s hypothesis is that the idea of friendship in Cuba would be more advanced than the Canadian idea, because of the emphasis of interdependence.
In this study there are three hundred Cuban and two hundred and ninety-four Canadian students in grades seven, eight, and nine. The seventh graders are the youngest chosen because that is the first year that the students start a new school in both countries. Both groups off students were taken from large cities in their respective countries. The researchers asked the students to write an essay about what a best friend, of the same-sex, should be willing to do for them, and what makes a best friend different from any other friend. These essays were then “graded” by two raters using a category of numbers, from 1 (not mentioned at all), to 4 (especially important).
The results of this study were varied between the two countries answers. The responses from the subjects could be described as character admiration, and were much more likely to be used by the Canadian adolescents. An example of this was that the Canadian students said that their friends should be easygoing, and does not make them be someone they are not. In contrast many Cubans responded that they like their best friends because of their willingness to help others, and do things for the good of the group. Some of the ideas that were seen as important to one culture were not as important to the other. For example the theme of help given to a friend was present in 82% of Cuban essays, but only present in 22% of Canadian essays. Also, the theme of similar personalities was included in 97% of Cuban essays, and only included in 38% of Canadian essays.

Show More
Related

  • Telemachus And Menelaus In The Odyssey

    1274 Words  | 3 Pages

    Characters like Telemachus, Menelaus, and Penelope are similar to what they feeling for the people they love and care about. Telemachus situation is that he does not want to accept that his father Odysseus is death. So he goes on a voyage to find out what really happened to his father. As he arrives at Sparta Menelaus finally tells Telemachus that Odysseus is alive and is held captive by Calypso. This gives him hope that his family will finally be complete. Penelope in the other hand is devastated she has been weeping on her bed since the news broke that Odysseus is death. Also, not knowing that his son Telemachus is on a voyage and his life is in danger. Finally, Menelaus who has been wandering the sea for seven years and discovering that the death of his brother and the loss of his friend’s because of the Trojan war and the dangers of voyaging. So, he made himself a favor that is better to stay home and live honorably. The moral of the story in this section is that in the end the people you love will matter the

    Read More

  • Sex Lies And Conversation Summary

    1034 Words  | 3 Pages

    According to Tannen, differences in childhood can impact individual’s communication with each other in relationships. At a young age, children tend to play with other children who are the same gender as them. Both groups of genders have different ways of building a friendship. Tannen says that “Little girls create and maintain friendships by exchanging secrets” (276). It is important for girls to share secrets to get closer to one another and to have a mutual understanding unlike boys whose bonds are “based

    Read More

  • Dissecting Police Brutality: A Controversial American Issue

    995 Words  | 2 Pages

    Police should be trained properly so they do not resort to violence and abuse of power. Many cases of police brutality and not sanctioned and are undertaken by a group of police as a form of "mob mentality". Police are placed on a pedestal of authority and respect by the rest of society. To maintain this image, rules and codes of ethics within the police force should be maintained at all possible times. If police are using brutality to resolve issues, it doesn 't set much of an example of dispute resolution between individuals. Over the past decade police abuse remains one of the most serious human rights violation in the United States. Police officers are trusted and expected to respect society as a whole and enforce the

    Read More

  • The Negative Effects Of Police Brutality

    1204 Words  | 3 Pages

    For many years in the past, police action particularly police abuse, has come to be unclear. Citizens are worried about protecting them from criminals. In fact they need to me aware of the corrupt police officers that are in the streets today as well as the criminals. There are many examples that make police brutality the worst as it is today. This one is one of them. Police Officer Daniel is in the choke hold death of Eric Garner, come in the wake if November 15th by the channel 24 news in Ferguson Missouri, police officer would walk free after killing 10 year old Michael Brown. (www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-32740523) In the present police brutality does exist in the mist of us in the time and age we live in everyday. We just haven’t seen it yet. There are people that think if a police

    Read More

  • Educational Practices in Finland, Canada, and China

    1186 Words  | 3 Pages

    In this paper, it will be looking at the culture and education practices of Finland, Canada, and China. Education varies from country to country as well as does one's culture, lifestyle of the people who live there. In doing so will review their culture and the role of their education policies that are used to motivate schools and teachers to improve student learning along with how their culture plays into learning. Furthermore, children should be taught with respect to their culture. However, we can also learn from one another. In addition, we have similar and different educational practices from one another. Such as when it comes to the Finnish, Canadians, to the Chinese as, we all learn in different environments because of our culture. Furthermore, and most importantly, thus educational practices vary from culture to culture. For instance, these counties are considered some of the best when it comes to education, Finland, Canada, China and it is because of their educational practices along with their culture government.

    Read More

  • Journey of the Hero in Harry Potter and the Sorcerer´s Stone

    882 Words  | 2 Pages

    Harry is first introduced into the magical world when he crosses the threshold between London and the invisible passageways of Diagon’s Alley after receiving help from his supernatural guide, Rubeus Hagrid. The oafish half giant, Hagrid, informs Harry of his fame and wealth in the wizarding world, and invites him to study magic at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry accepts instantly and disappears into the storm, escaping his cruel and manipulative relatives (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone). Hagrid represents the monomyth’s supernatural aid by introducing Harry to his new life and explaining the real story of how his parents passed away. He also provides Harry with information essential to overcome obstacles later on in his adventure. Another element of the hero’s journey is see...

    Read More

  • Childhood Friendships In The Sandlot And Children's Development

    1516 Words  | 4 Pages

    The Sandlot is a classic sports film that shows how the role of friendship plays in children’s development. The story takes place in a small suburb outside of Los Angeles in the summer of 1962. The main character “Smalls”, just moved to the town with his mom and step dad. He doesn’t really know how to make friends but started watching a group of boys that walked to the ‘sandlot’. Smalls has always stuck to science projects, so baseball is a new subject to him. The step dad has a love of baseball so when Smalls goes into his office he has trophies and a baseball signed by Babe Ruth. Smalls wants to be able to connect with his step dad, so he tries to learn how to play baseball with the guys.

    Read More

  • When Asia Was The World Chapter Summaries

    1079 Words  | 3 Pages

    This book serves to teach readers about the varieties of cultures, social

    Read More

  • Police Brutality In America

    541 Words  | 2 Pages

    It is sad to say the police brutality is not getting any better, and those who are chosen to protect and serve us are starting to hurt us. Is there a thing as too much authority? And if so how can we as a people protect ourselves from acts of brutality? It’s obvious those appointed are either poorly trained or just bad cops. There is a such thing as good cops but the bad ones seem to come up more it’s just the picture they paint of

    Read More

  • Jane Eyre Through Bronte's Eyes

    3631 Words  | 8 Pages

    Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Brontë, was published in 1847 by Smith, Elder & Company, in London. This year is exactly ten years into Queen Victoria’s sixty-four year reign of the British Empire. The Victorian Era was renowned for its patriarchal Society and definition by class. These two things provide vital background to the novel, as Jane suffers from both. Jane Eyre relates in some ways to Brontë’s own life, as its original title suggest, “Jane Eyre: An Autobiography”. Charlotte Brontë would have suffered from too, as a relatively poor woman. She would have been treated lowly within the community. In fact, the book itself was published under a pseudonym of Currer Bell, the initials taken from Brontë’s own name, due to the fact that a book published by a woman was seen as inferior, as they were deemed intellectually substandard to men. Emily Brontë, Charlotte’s sister, was also forced to publish her most famous novel, Wuthering Heights, under the nom de plume of Ellis Bell, again taking the initials of her name to form her own alias. The novel is a political touchstone to illustrate the period in which it was written, and also acts as a critique of the Victorian patriarchal society.

    Read More

  • Police Brutality - Racism, Racial Profiling, Prejudice

    1514 Words  | 4 Pages

    Police brutality is hypocrisy; as the police are meant to protect society from harm, not cause further damage and stress. Police should be trained properly so they do not resort to violence and abuse of power. Many cases of police brutality and not sanctioned and are undertaken by a group of police as a form of "mob mentality". Police are placed on a pedestal of authority and respect by the rest of society. To maintain this image, rules and codes of ethics within the police force should be maintained at all possible times. If police are using brutality to resolve issues, it doesn't set much of an example of dispute resolution between individuals. Over the past decade police abuse remains one of the most serious human rights violation in the United States. Police officers are trusted and expected to respect society as a whole and enforce the law. There is a time a place for aggressive force if needed, apprehending a suspect, however the environment and situation might influence the moment thus resulting in the brutal and barbaric behavior from the cop. The important thing to do is to understand the circumstances when excessive force can be used and times where the use of force has to be abstained. Police officers follow a strict guideline in how to handle encounters from escalating into something much more serious. The use of excessive force, in this case police brutality brings liabilities that cannot be taken lightly with the department and the community. Usually the high crime rates tend to revolve around low-income minority areas and officers tend to assume that minorities living in the areas are guilty. Police brutality that does exist is most likely result of emotional exhaustion.

    Read More

  • Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre

    1754 Words  | 4 Pages

    Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre chronicles the growth of her titular character from girlhood to maturity, focusing on her journey from dependence on negative authority figures to both monetary and psychological independence, from confusion to a clear understanding of self, and from inequality to equality with those to whom she was formerly subject. Originally dependent on her Aunt Reed, Mr. Brocklehurst, and Mr. Rochester, she gains independence through her inheritance and teaching positions. Over the course of the novel, she awakens towards self-understanding, resulting in contentment and eventual happiness. She also achieves equality with the important masculine figures in her life, such as St. John Rivers and Mr. Rochester, gaining self-fulfillment as an independent, fully developed equal.

    Read More

  • The Social Construction of Childhood

    2204 Words  | 5 Pages

    James, A. (1998). From the child's point of view: Issues in the social construction of

    Read More

  • Critique of Kohlberg’s Claim of Cultural Moral Universality

    3483 Words  | 7 Pages

    Roopnarine, Jaipaul L. and D. Bruce Carter. Parent-Child Socialization in Diverse Cultures. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1992.

    Read More

  • Multicultural Youth Essay

    1322 Words  | 3 Pages

    In many cases, the best way to relate to someone is to put oneself in the person’s shoes. However, this may seem difficult for someone who does not share the same experience and the other person, as they may not consider certain obstacles to be as difficult or they may not appreciate certain things which are are highlighted by the person in need to assistance. In an article written by the Global Roundtable Working Group on Youth titled “Youth and the State of Culture”, the author states the importance of culture in the youth field “it is important to understand the various cultural issues that are of great significance to young people worldwide, including such factors as information and communication technologies (ICTs) and media’s influence on young people’s choices.” (“Youth and the State of Culture”, n.d). By being from two different cultures and having experience in both, multicultural Child and Youth Workers are are able to make strong connections between their own culture and Canadian culture. They are also more inclined to find similarities in the other youth’s cultures. For example, Middle Eastern culture in a nutshell is quite similar across all the countries within the area, but it also has similarities with African and Eastern European culture as well. Having a multicultural background is also essential when

    Read More

More about Friendship Expectations of Early Adolescents in Cuba and Canada

Open Document