Unit V IDs –
French Revolution, Napoleonic Era and Industrial Revolution
Group A. French Revolution
1. Jacques Necker- Swiss minister of France under Louis XVI. He thought that the massive debt wasn’t that bad and we should all. He was hired and then fired and then rehired.
2. Cahiers de doléances- a list made and given to the French crown about the grievances they had and the petitions to change them.
3. Estates General- Parliament of France. Wasn’t called since 1614 until they finally did in 1789. They were called because everyone felt that only estates general could make tax laws. They came up with the cahiers de doleances after they had been called.
4. Abbe Sieyes – “What is the Third Estate?”- pamphlet written that stated the
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and Woman (Olympe de Gouges)- amen heres the women ok so France had an issue with women (why?) so a feminist wrote this declaration to promote feminism but was shot down and kill by the guillotine in 1793.
12. Revolt of the Women- several thousand Parisian women marched on versailles and told the King and Queen to listen to the revolution they were creating. The king was like lol I really don't care so they violently attacked people in the castle and killed some guards with spears.
13. Restructuring of France- France became more enlightened so they wanted to change their whole government structure and they did wow go them, they saw an opportunity and took it.
14. Assignats- in December 1789 they were created to be France's first paper currency. this actually solved the debt crisis they were having. lol go paper and trees
15. Civil Constitution of the Clergy- Considered to be the biggest mistake in the French Revolution (along with many others I assume) it was created in July 1790 and said that the church must become part of the state. This meant that priests had to swear loyalty and were paid by the government, not the tithe.
16. Constitution of
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Quadruple and Quintuple Alliance: Quad is the victors (A, P, R, B) their goal was to keep peace. Quin was then + F after they paid their dues.
5. Holy Alliance: Tsar Alexander I’s idea.. renounce war forever, and protect christianity.. basically just a group of uber conservative autocrats.. Russia. Prussia, and Austria. pushes to squash rebellions
Group D. Agricultural and Industrial Revolution Terms
1. Jethro Tull; figured out you should plow and seid deeper (just put the seeds 6 inches deeper bc better for roots and better for next years crops)
2. Charles ‘Turnip’ Townsend; discovered that you should plant clover or turnips in the area that you don't have drops (every 2 years you give one of your 3 areas a break, it rotates) he was so obsessed with this that he earned the nickname turnip.
3. Robert Bakewell: created animal Eugenics, kinda like a natural selection thing, you have your best cows mate so you get even better cows..
4. Arthur Young: English writer on agriculture. Secretary of board of Agriculture in Britain.
5. Enclosure: they stopped doing communal, now everyone has their own which means the poor people have to sell their land and move to the city bc they needed the communal, but large landowners
...s on who should have power. Rebellions broke out across France and turned the nation against itself. The major revolutionary revolt was The Storming of Bastille. The third estate demanded for a republic. King Louis was killed, along with his wife Marie Antoinette to pursue the ideas of changing society. Maximilien Robespierre ordered their deaths by the violent and horrific machine, the guillotine. He was also killed shortly after, but provided the Jacobins a leader in his efforts to overthrow the monarchy. Napoleon was the last to save the revolution as it came to a close. The French Revolution has changed history and the lives of everyone in France up to today. Many people sacrificed themselves to change the country for others today. This revolution was life changing and inspired many others around the world to stand up for their beliefs and fight for a democracy.
that contributed to the rise and fall of the French Monarchy. The ideas of the
Beginning in mid-1789, and lasting until late-1799, the French Revolution vastly changed the nation of France throughout its ten years. From the storming of the Bastille, the ousting of the royal family, the Reign of Terror, and all the way to the Napoleonic period, France changed vastly during this time. But, for the better part of the last 200 years, the effects that the French Revolution had on the nation, have been vigorously debated by historian and other experts. Aspects of debate have focused around how much change the revolution really caused, and the type of change, as well as whether the changes that it brought about should be looked at as positive or negative. Furthermore, many debate whether the Revolutions excesses and shortcomings can be justified by the gains that the revolution brought throughout the country.
...nd the republic nature of France.) and The Royalists (Who wanted a return to the system of monarchy).
France had to declare bankruptcy after the American Revolution--war and debt helped bring down the monarchy. King, in 1787, called the Estates General, an assembly of noblemen buried since 1614. Thus the Revolution becan with an aristocratic attempt to recapture the state. "Men born and live free and equal under the law." Not democratic, but constitutional. The King was not King of France, but King of the French!!
The Bastille incident set off revolts all over France and Louis was soon deposed afterwards. A democratic government was set up in place of the old monarchy.
The French Revolution began after some of the great philosophers such as John Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau were establishing contracts and trying to create a way for people to have a government without a king or at least without a king being in control. The king during that time was King Louie XVI and his queen was a young woman by the name Marie Antoinette. The royal couple was not well liked due to the careless spending and lack of concern for the citizens beneath them. France was on the verge of becoming bankrupt and the crops did very poorly leaving people suffering, starving and fighting for food.
According to the Declaration, the Revolutionaries believed that France should have freedom of speech, no social distinctions, no one person with totalitarian power, a system of law that is written by the people and a government that protects the liberty, property and security of the people [C]. These goals were summarised into the phrase “Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité” (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity).
This essentially left Britain as the only power that had not picked a side and therefore the deciding point for the balance of conflict. If they choose the Franco-Russian alliance, then the delicate balance of power that had so long existed would remain. Lafore explains the reasons in which Britain may have wanted to join either alliance and finally gives the reason for joining the Franco-Russian alliance by saying that the effects of the Boer war and other events had led Britain into an uncertain alliance with the two countries (140). Thus Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple
The French Revolution was a period of political upheaval that occurred in France during the latter half of the 18th century. This revolution marked an end to the system of feudalism and the monarchy in France and a rise to democracy and new Enlightenment ideas. By 1789, when the revolution began, France was in a deep financial crisis due to the debt they had obtained over many years of reckless spending and France was nearly bankrupt. These financial issues fell almost completely on the bottom social class or the Third Estate which made up a majority of the country. Because of this financial trouble, the common people were heavily taxed, leaving many of them in poverty.
On August 26, 1789, the assembly issued the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.” Through judicial matters, this document was written in order to secure due process and to create self-government among the French citizens. This document offered to the world and especially to the French citizens a summary of the morals and values of the Revolution, while in turn justifying the destruction of a government; especially in this case the French government, based upon autocracy of the ruler and advantage. The formation of a new government based upon the indisputable rights of the individuals of France through liberty and political uniformity.
The commoners of France began to revolt after hearing the ideas of famous philosophers like Voltaire. Voltaire was a deist who believed that the Catholic Church and its doctrines were not to be trusted since they used propaganda to get followers rather than the actual religion. He believed it was unfair that there wasn’t any religious freedom since you were expected to be a Catholic. He spoke openly about this, which of course got him into a lot of trouble. Nevertheless, the French commoners took his word into thought and decided to act upon what he said by revolting against the church.
“Let them eat cake.” A famous response given by Queen Marie Antoinette when she was asked about the grain shortages in her country. But, did she really say this? Many people see Marie Antoinette as a leading cause of the French revolution, with her enormous spending, affairs, disapproval of reform, and influence on her husband, King Louis XVI. But did Marie Antoinette play a decisive role in causing the French Revolution? Or were the peoples judgements the cause of the uprising? This essay will provide both sides of this argument, stating findings and facts about Marie Antoinette’s influence on the people of France, and what feelings she provoked in them with her actions, and if there was any connection between her behavior and beginning of the French Revolution.
The Alliances not only contributed to war breaking out; it made the war last longer and become on a much larger scale; major political disputes would inevitably cause a large conflict. The alliances caused suspicion, fear, and tension among nations. The two camps were the Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary). When countries formed alliances with each other it gave them protection, if a country was threatened or under attack then the alliance would come to that country’s aid. Countries made an alliance when they both needed protection from a stronger country. When Austria-Hungary had heard about the assassination of Franz Ferdinand they went to war with Serbia which resulted in a chain reaction of countries going to war with one another, and when countries teamed up to support their attacked friends when war came, it meant that a number of nations would fight, not only the two involved in a dispute. The division of...
Young, Arthur. "The Condition of the French People." The Library of Original Sources, Vol 7. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: University Research Extension Co., 1907. World Book Advanced. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.