Formation of the Triple Alliance
In 1871 two new major states of Europe had been formed—the German Empire and the kingdom of Italy. The new German Empire, under the hand of Otto von Bismarck, was steered carefully, always with an eye upon France, for the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71) had left France thirsting for revenge and for recovery of the lost provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. 2
Germany had allied itself with Russia and Austria-Hungary in the Three Emperors’ League, but Austria-Hungary and Russia were not the best of friends, partly because they were at odds over the Balkans and partly because Russia represented the Pan-Slavic movement, whose program threatened the very existence of Austria-Hungary. The Treaty of San Stefano (1878), following the Russo-Turkish War, furthered the cause of Pan-Slavism through the creation of a large Bulgarian state and offended Austria-Hungary as well as Great Britain. A European conference (1878; see Berlin, Congress of), called to revise the treaty, caused a sharp decline in the friendship between Russia on the one hand and Austria-Hungary and Germany on the other; Bismarck formed (1879) a secret defensive alliance—the Dual Alliance—with Austria-Hungary. 3
In 1882 Italy, angry at France chiefly because France had forestalled an Italian advance by occupying Tunis, signed another secret treaty, which bound it with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Thus was the Triple Alliance formed. It was periodically renewed until 1913. In 1882 Serbia joined the alliance, in effect, through a treaty with Austria-Hungary. Romania joined the group in 1883, and a powerful Central European bloc was created. Italy was from the first not so solidly bound to either of its allies as Germany and Austria-Hungary were to each other. Italy was in fact a rival of Austria-Hungary in the Balkans and particularly for control of the Adriatic; moreover, there remained unsettled territorial problems (see irredentism). The Triple Alliance, however, turned diplomatic history into new channels. 4
Formation of the Triple Entente
The Three Emperors’ League died a slow death, but in 1890 its day was over: Germany refused to renew its reinsurance treaty with Russia, and Russia in consequence sought a rapprochement with France. At the same time France, face to face with an increasingly powerful Germany and a hostile Central European combination, felt great need of an ally, and French diplomats began to make overtures to Russia for an agreement to counterbalance the Triple Alliance. French capital aided Russian projects, especially the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and friendly diplomatic visits were exchanged.
The first and possibly most important cause of World War I may have been the allying of the countries involved in the war and the posturing for action which they participated in. Although many treaties were signed and many alliances made previously, the start of the time line of WWI may be traced to the Dual Alliance signed by Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879, to which Italy joined in 1882 forming the Triple Alliance. It was an agreement that was one of military protection, stating that if a...
"Moscow Dossier Embarrasses US and Britain Ahead of Riga Summit | World News | The
Robert Skidelsky, “In Ukraine, Putin may be accelerating his own demise.” The Daily Star Lebanon, September 3, 2014. Web. 5 May 2015.
Alliances were a key contributor to the war. Europe was generally divided into two groups of nations. One on one side was Triple Alliance which consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary and for a short time Italy. On the other side was the Triple Entente which also consisted of France, England and Russia. When Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist, Austria logically pointed the finger of blame to the Serbian government. Because of the ethnic ties, Russia quickly sided with Serbia. G...
There was a long-standing rivalry between Austria-Hungary and Russia due to their interests in the Balkans. Russia saw her role as leading and supporting her fellow Slav peoples in the Balkans. This Pan-Slav concept provided an ideal excuse to interfere in the Balkans and to extend Russia's influence towards the Eastern Mediterranean. Ideally Russia wished to open the Dardenelles straits to its warships. Austria-Hungary was concerned that this Russian encouragement of nationalism may threaten her borders and inspire nationalism within her own empire. In turn, Germany recognised that as Austria's closest ally her fate was linked with that of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Austria-Hungary was anxious to prevent Russian encroachment in the Balkans. This aim would be best served by the elimination of Serbia, Russia's Balkan ally. In 1878, Russia was humiliated at the Congress of Berlin when her proposal for a Greater Bulgarian state was rejected and Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia to maintain order amongst the nationalist revolts.
The French also made a secret agreement with Italy, as well as with the Americans. Germany also made alliances with Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (Ross 18). This alliance system, divided the continent into “armed camps,” and thereby made it more likely that such an incident could not be prevented from spreading. (Ross 52). After a lot of problems in the Balkans, caused by the newly formed states, France and Russia both felt that war was destined to come, although both Germany and Britain had shown willingness to cooperate, trying to prevent war, and to make peace. This definitely showed hope as two hostile countries tried to reach an agreement. Forced into trouble in the Balkans, the nations desperately tried to keep peace, unsuccessfully. These countries also had a lot of colonies, mostly in Africa. As they were also competing to get the greatest amount of territory there, they often crossed each other, causing several problems.
One of the causes of World War One was the Alliances. These were settlements or oaths to defend and help other countries. It was a thought that alliances would calm things down and make peace, and in case of war others would protect each other, so it would be harder to fight with that country. In 1914 the most powerful countries in Europe were divided into opposite Alliances, The Triple Alliance and the Central Powers or the Triple Entente. The Triple Alliance was made up of Germany, Italy and Austria-Hungary. The Triple Entente was made up of Britain, France and Russia. European Alliances had a major part of being in the war. These two powers were very worried about being attacked after all of the tension from Nationalism, Imperialism and Militarism. To make sure these countries weren’t attacked and defeated these alliances were formed. Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance but they made it secretly in 1879, after this happened Italy joined this Dual Alliance to form the Triple Alliance because it was annoyed with France for stopping its plans to col...
With humble beginnings, as Vladimir himself put it in his autobiography, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was born October 7th, 1952, within St. Petersburg, Russia. Raised by his mother Maria, who was a factory worker, and his father Vladimir, who was a conscript. Putin was dead set on joining the KGB, the Committee for State Security. In his autobiography he says he was “a pure and utterly successful product of Soviet patriotic education.” But he also says that most of this “notion of the KGB came from romantic spy stories” In short, he never knew what he was getting into. To follow...
Another guidance which helps to safeguard vulnerable adults is the Safeguarding Adults- a National framework for good practice and outcomes in adult protection work. This is a follow up from the no secrets guidance and set out some national frameworks to limit the risk of abuse. there are many different standards set out in this guidance e.g. all local authorities should have a multi-agency partnership who should representing all the agencies, all agencies must have a strategic plan ensuring there are relevant policies and procedures, training strategies, a commissioning strategy and strategies for reducing risk of abuse. this helped to set the national standards of care that should be given to vulnerable people. It also defined the ways we can give services, established ways of measuring achievement or improvements and gave people support to help implement these changes. This helps to reduce to risk of harm for vulnerable people as it helps to establish a nationwide initiative to reduce abuse of vulnerable people and multi-agency working. [5] [16]
And they faced the other European powers, which consisted of Germany and Italy in the other camp. There were also many smaller countries in both camps including Croatia, Bulgaria and Slovakia all members of the Anti-Comintern Pact and therefore included with the Axis Powers. The main members and founders of the Anti-Comintern Pact, Germany, Italy and Japan were all seen as the 'bad guys' because of their aggressive foreign policies. All three countries' foreign policies involved attacking other countries for resources or land and this is why they were separated from other European countries and branded 'aggressive'. Italy was the first country to pursue their aggressive ways in Europe when Mussolini turned them into a Fascist country in 1922.
...throughout Europe as they did in Auschwitz and Majdanek. These horror stories are only a few out of the hundreds of camps that the Nazis built during World War Two. The Holocaust was a devastating event for the Jewish population as well as many other minorities in Europe. The Holocaust was the largest genocide that has ever occurred. Horrific things went on in Auschwitz and Majdenek that wiped out approximately 1,378,000 people combined. This death toll is extremely high compared to smaller camps. These camps were some of the largest concentration/death camps that existed during the Holocaust. The Holocaust was a tragic time where millions of people considered undesirable to the Nazis were detained, forced to work in the harshest of conditions, starved to death, or brutally murdered.“The Holocaust was the most evil crime ever committed.” –Stephen Ambrose
Munro (2003) states child abuse is treating a child in a way that is harmful or morally wrong however, goes on to explain it is hard to find a universal agreement of the definition of child abuse. NSPCC (2010) further explains child abuse as maltreatment of a child. This can be done directly by inflicting harm or indirectly by failing to prevent harm from happening. Abuse can be perpetrated by an adult or another child. Working Together to Safeguard Children (2013) states that it’s the responsibility of everyone who works with children to make sure that a child is safeguarded and their welfare promoted. The Purpose of this essay is firstly to discuss risk factors posed to Simone and Sasha through the scenario provided and highlight ways a professional should assess whether a child is suffering from an abusive or neglectful situation. Secondly the appropriate action that needs to be taken, and the support that needs to be given, and what services will be involved with the family in order to prevent a family brake down while safeguarding and protecting the children’s welfare, will also be discussed. Lastly this essay will draw on current legislation, guidance and procedures that promote multi– agency working in order to effectively safeguard and promote children’s welfare.
During the late 19th century many countries sought an alliance with other countries to guarantee their own safety, preserve peace and sometimes to help their economic position. this is highlighted by alliances and treaties such as the "Dual Alliance" of 1879, the "Dreikaiserbund" of 1881 and the "Reinsurance Treaty" This was also the case for both France and Russia, with them agreeing the "Franco-Russian Military Convention" on August 18th 1892 and later agreeing the "Franco-Russian Alliance" in 1893. France and Russia were animated by a common desire to preserve peace. The only reason it was possible for France and Russia to form this alliance is because Germany allowed the Reinsurance treaty to become invalid. Both countries wanted different things from the alliance but there was one common reason between them, and that was to oppose Germany - although both countries had different incentives for this. France, Russia and Germany all contributed to the alliance being formed, either through their aims or what they did.
At my work place, each member of the team is influenced and guided by the teams overall vision and strategic direction. We do have policies and procedures, which reflect the vision and strategic direction of the team. If we look at the governments vision‘Your health, your care, your say’, one area of this vision is ‘Protection’. The importance of ensuring, that there are sensible safeguards policy in place, against the risk of abuse or neglect as risk, is no longer an excuse to limit people’s freedom. My workplace has policies and procedures, to safeguard the service users e.g. risk assessments, care plans, adequate training etc. These policies and procedures, influence the way the team meet that vision and also provide the staff
The role that globalization plays in spreading and promoting human rights and democracy is a subject that is capable spurring great debate. Human rights are to be seen as the standards that gives any human walking the earth regardless of any differences equal privileges. The United Nations goes a step further and defines human rights as,