There was a feud between feminists who wanted flibanserin regardless of the side effects, and FDA who believed the approval for safety of flibanserin was an elongated process. This paper will explain the six reasons why flibanserin had been mistakenly approved by FDA. Firstly, it had significantly harmful side effects with minimal effectiveness. The process of approving flibanserin was immoral, where people were paid to approve the drug. Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the agency composed fees from pharmaceutical companies to fund the drug approval process. The drug did not help most women; in fact, many of those women who received side effects, had no voice in meetings where flibanserin was discussed. Approving flibanserin was
Mary Zimmerman framed that women have not had ultimate control over their own bodies and health as a fundamental assumption underlying women’s health movement. Men control and dominate a huge portion of the of decision making roles in the healthcare field, such as health related research, health policy etc. Whereas women are more seen in social positions. According to the article “The Women’s Health Movement” by Mary K. Zimmerman, the concept of medicalization is the “increasing tendency to apply medical definitions and control to phenomena not previously thought of as medical problems (Zola, 1972; Conrad and Schneider, 1980). In the 1950’s a drug called Thalidomide was created by a German company, claiming that it was safe for pregnant women. Although many women were still using this drug during this time, in 1961, reports began to surface that this drug was causing several birth defects and other health problems. The author presented the Thalidomide case as an example of medicalization by showing us the potential consequences of a style medical
...ion. After 40 years since FDA approval, the Pill has been modified with a smaller dosage of hormones, which addressed the risks previously associated. The risks associated with the Pill have decreased. With the help of safety profiles, women are now screened for risk factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure, history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The Pill has since evolved into a safer oral contraceptive causing the focus from supposed health risks to real health benefits such as, protection against ovarian and endometrial cancers.
It was not until January 2, 1997 that marked another big step in the world of the birth control pill when, for the first time, an oral contraceptive was approved for marketing by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an effective treatment for acne. Ortho Tri-Cyclen, originally introduced in 1992 by the Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical Corporation, is the first low dose birth control pill approved for a noncontraceptive indication. (www.pslgroup.com/dg/fa6a/htm.) Ortho Tri-Cyclen is the only birth control pill that has been clinically proven for the treatment of mo...
Doctors work under intense pressure, and if a pill could fix a patient’s problems than many saw nothing wrong with that. What exacerbated the problem was that many hospitals also changed their modus operandi with regards to treatment. In some hospitals, “doctors were told they could be sued if they did not treat pain aggressively, which meant with opiates (95). However once the patient became addicted and could no longer get their prescription legally refilled, the drug dealers saw their chance. What is surprising is the fact that pharmaceutical companies acted in the same manner as drug dealers. Both sides did not care about the end user, and the problems they would have to deal with after using what was given to them. Their motive was purely to profit as much as possible, and they did not care about who would get hurt as a result of their
Ninhydrin test is performed to detect the presence of free α-amino group (-NH2) which presents in all amino acids, proteins or peptides. It is an endothermic process involving redox reaction. Ninhydrin is a powerful oxidizing agent which also known as triketohydrindene hydrate. First, an oxidative deamination reaction occurs as the α-amino acid reacts with ninhydrin. Two hydrogens from the α-amino acid are elicited to produce an alpha-imino acid. On the same time, the ninhydrin itself undergoes reduction by losing an oxygen atom to form reduced ninhydrin, hydrindantin. Next, hydrolysis reaction happens. The amine group in the alpha-imino acid reacts with the water molecule to form an alpha-keto acid with an ammonia molecule. The alpha-keto acid then undergoes decarboxylation to form an aldehyde with a carboxyl group (CO2). The net result includes hydrindantin, aldehyde, ammonia, and CO2. The hydrindantin and ammonia produced are responsible for the colour formation. The process is continuing as ninhydrin condenses with ammonia and hydrindantin to produce an intensely blue or purple pigment, Ruhemann's purple. This reaction provides an extremely sensitive test for amino acids. Ninhydrin which is originally yellow reacts with amino acid and turns deep purple. The colour intensity produced is directly proportional to the amino acid
FDA, so many people were harmed. Even other countries versions of the FDA approved it which
The Russell-Uflad Company developed the RU-486 pill in France in 1980. The women of France greatly hailed the development of this pill. It was said to be safer, easier, and more private since the pill can be taken at home, or in a doctor's office instead of a hospital. The pill has proven to be very effective and has found its way to the United States, but is only tentatively approved. Why should it not be approved if it could be an easier, more private way to have an abortion? Over half a million women in France have used the RU-486 pill and there have been very few cases reported with serious side effects. (Banwell 82) The side effects have only occurred in 4 percent of the women who have already used the pill. The side effects have been so minor that most of the women did not need medical attention.
In brief, Diethylstilbestrol was a huge turning point for most pregnant women in the early twentieth century; however, it had many underlying negative effects including cancer, and reproductive system deformations. Diethylstilbestrol was used to prevent miscarriages and it was found inefficient. The women who took Diethylstilbestrol put themselves and their kids at risk. Diethylstilbestrol was made with good intentions but the creator did not know the harmful effects it would have on its patients. There are many people still living with the side effects of Diethylstilbestrol, many of which are incurable. This exemplifies how someone can have a good idea to make someone’s life better, but in the end it can lead to a devastating aftermath.
With the ongoing expansion of technology, being “at risk” has become a common diagnosis that requires its own cycle of prescriptions and treatments. It’s almost like biomedicalization has become a disease like state in itself. Fosket uses this perspective to analyze the emergence of pharmaceuticals as credible strategies for breast cancer prevention and the analogous emergence of a group of women designated “high risk” for breast cancer and targeted for pharmaceutical interventions. These interventions include Chemoprevention, which is “the practice of ingesting pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals to prevent disease” (Fosket 331). This practice of Chemoprevention was also seen in many articles we read this semester, some of which is Dumit’s “Pharmaceutical Witnessing and Direct-to-Consumer Advertising”, where he mentions how people may experience things that may not be pathological, like heart burn, b...
Aspirin is created when salicylic acid and acetic anhydride react together (French et al. 82). However, phosphoric acid is needed as a catalyst, and acetic acid is released as a by-product (French et al. 82). The reaction of aspirin is as shown below:
The purpose of this experiment was to learn and preform an acid-base extraction technique to separate organic compounds successfully and obtaining amounts of each component in the mixture. In this experiment, the separation will be done by separatory funnel preforming on two liquids that are immiscible from two layers when added together. The individual components of Phensuprin (Acetylsalicylic acid, Acetanilide, and Sucrose as a filler) was separated based upon their solubility and reactivity, and the amount of each component in the mixture was obtained. Also, the purity of each component will be determined by the melting point of the component.
"ETHICAL DEBATE: On the horns of a dilemma." Chemist & Druggist. 03 Dec. 2005: 30. eLibrary. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.
“According to the General Accounting Office, more than half of the prescription drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 1976 and 1985 caused serious side effects that later caused the drugs to be either relabeled or removed from the market. Drugs app...
both the benefit and risk of all medication before approval.. In addition, FDA makes the labeling
In 2010 alone, three drugs reviewed by the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee (EMDAC) have failed to gain approval. EMDAC felt each drug (naltrexone/bupriopion, lorcaserin and phentermine/topiratate) had unacceptable safety issues (particularly cardiovascular risk profiles). The committee also concluded that lorcaserin did not provide enough convincing evidence of efficacy and safety to gain approval. EMDAC cite lack of diversity in the phase 3 trial population might result in efficacy of the drug being overstated while potential safety risks understated. Whi...