The heavily armored jawless fish had many adaptations that permitted them to still move and hunt successfully. Can you postulate on the details of exactly how heavily armored jawless fish caught and ingested their prey without the mechanical advantages of a hinged jaw? The Agnatha had neither jaws nor teeth, they could not chew and tear prey, so they filtered the microscopic nutrients on the mud of the seabed or the plankton on the surface. Their protection from predators was made up of bone scales that formed a shield. The period of maximum development was Silurian and the Devonian, between 400 and 300 million years ago, disappeared at the end of the Devonian. The most primitive group, the Heterostraci, had a mouth under his belly that allowed
Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs are closely related in their characteristics. Ceratopsians processed a saddle-shaped boney frill that extended from the skull to the neck and typically had horns over the nose and eyes. The most popular was the triceratops, which could reach over 26 feet and weigh in excess of twelve metric tons. Their frills served as two major functions. It protected the vulnerable neck from being harmed. The second major function that the frill provided was due to the fact that the frill contained a network of blood vessels on its underside, which were used as a means to get rid of excess heat. The Pachycephalosaurs were considered to be bipedal. They were also found to have thick skulls, flattened bodies, and tail that were covered in an array of body rods. Pachycephalosaurs were thought to have been more than fifteen feet long and processed a skull that was surrounded by a rounded dome of solid bone. It was thought that they used their heads in combat or mating contests, but that was disproved fairly recently, which I will discuss later in the paper. Both Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs were “bird-hipped” and both of these suborders contained a backwards pubic bone. Both were Marginocephilia, or “fringed heads”, which is one of three clads under the Orinthiscia order. They were also herbivore dinosaurs that inherited their fringe at the back of the skull from earlier ancestors.(2) Their classi...
Imagine that you woke up one morning and you were slimy like a sea cucumber’s protection slime. What would you do? Would you act like someone who was so scared that they cried for the rest of their lives? Or would you be as calm as somebody who cruised along the dead sea for hours and hours in an inner tube while drinking a shirley temple from a coconut shell? An ecosystem or ekosustav in
In 1831, Asian carp were brought over as a delicacy. Asian carp are originally from Asia (Barbara A. Somervill 13). They were imported by catfish farmers in 1963 for federal research on controlling aquatic vegetation. In 1966, the first Asian carp had escaped into Arkansas waters. By 1970, grass carp we're being stocked in Arkansas waters to help with over vegetation. In 1972, big head carp were brought in the United States by a fish farmer in Arkansas to improve his water quality and fish production. In 1973, silver carp were introduced for phytoplankton control (Watershed Council 1). Over time, they were brought over for different reasons and made their way into many of the United States waters. The federal government had transported the invasive species to help the waters but, they did not realize the bad effects that the fish would have on the future environment. People need to find a way to stop them before it’s too late. Their rapid breeding has had a great toll on the environment and is still affecting it today. Over population can destroy the environment
Fish Cheeks by Amy Tan, Tan uses embarrassment and awkwardness to connect to her readers.
A poem without any complications can force an author to say more with much less. Although that may sound quite cliché, it rings true when one examines “The Fish” by Elizabeth Bishop. Elizabeth’s Bishop’s poem is on an exceedingly straightforward topic about the act of catching a fish. However, her ability to utilize thematic elements such as figurative language, imagery and tone allows for “The Fish” to be about something greater. These three elements weave themselves together to create a work of art that goes beyond its simple subject.
Imagine this, you’ve lost your focus, you start to get bored, you begin playing with your fingers, you don’t know what to do. Suddenly, you see a beautiful Goldfish swimming around in the water peacefully. It calms you down and gets you focused again. Or maybe in free time you and your friends don’t know what to do, well a Fantail Goldfish is colorful, bright, and keeps you entertained. Our school pet should be a Fantail Goldfish because they typically live about 10 years in an aquarium, so they don’t die quickly. Goldfish have no eyelids so they can’t close their eyes like we do when we're asleep. Despite that, goldfish do rest sometimes during the day and throughout most of the night. Also, make sure to feed your fish in small amounts. Do
They ruled the world before the time of the dinosaurs, from the Cambrian Period to the
The Rainbow trout, belonging to the family Salmonidae, Class Actinopterygii (ray finned fish), inhabitscold streams, rivers and lakes in North America. Ones living in lakes have silver scales apart from those on their back which are dark green. They are covered in dark spots that usually go no further than the lateral line. The lateral line is a line of sense organs found on the side of the Rainbow trout. It is used to detect vibrations (and therefore movement) in the water surrounding it. A pinkish red band often runs the length of the lateral line. The shape of the Rainbow trout is a characteristic shape not uncommon from that of salmon. (Guidekenairriver.com)
The main idea of this story Fish Cheeks was understanding and appreciation and having pride in one own unique culture. Tan mother invites the minsters family who happens to be her crush at the time who is Robert the minister’s son. Tan felt despaired during the entire evening, feeling ashamed of her family and non- American ways at dinner. At the end of the evening Tan’s mother tells her that she understands that she wants to like all the other American girls and handed a gift. Tan’s mother points out to her that she must not be ashamed of her difference, however, embrace these differences that she has found shame in. Overall the main idea was the differences that we are often ashamed of are the differences we should take pride in, because
Mojetta wrote about prehistoric sharks, and the history of these creatures. According to Angelo Mojetta, author of Sharks, Cladoselache genus, one of the first prehistoric sharks, was buried in sediment that kept it preserved. Unlike other sharks, Cladoselache genus had a circle of tiny plates around it’s eyes for protection against it’s victim’s attempts to fight back. These sharks lived over 400 million years ago. Sharks of the past could mostly be identified by their teeth, because shark’s bodies are made of cartilage. Another shark that was focused on was called, Stethacanthus. This shark had a very unique look. Stethacanthus had a brush like decoration on the top of it’s head, and an extra fin like part that had the same bristle like decorations on it. These characteristics were thought to be used as suction cups, to hitch rides from larger fish. One of the most famous sharks that looks like an over...
Acanthostega had a fish-like tail and gills for breathing under water, this being the aquatic part of it. But at the ends of the arms were “peddle-shaped” appendages, thought to be the first “hands” on Earth. Clack’s discovery proved that some fish had arms and legs in the water. It showed that arms and legs were already evolved before organisms started actually living on land, they were used more for survival than walking. In a sense, the “blueprints” of an arm were already in place.
Approximately two million years, exceedingly evolved Australopithecines made their priority to impact their environment. They made tools and started to use resources. The age of Homo Habilis has begun. They are the earliest known members of the Homo genus. They were found in Africa. Homo Habilis brains were 50% larger than Australopithecus, they were taller, hairless face, and flatter nostrils. They became omnivores. They were the first to discover that meat was edible. Scavenging for dead meat was added to their diets. This is known because of their teeth. Homo Habilis had developed mature incisors, which are used for shredding chunks of meat. Wisdom teeth were also developed for chewing meat. The most fundamental development in Homo Habilis is language. Containing larger cerebral cortex than their ancestors, they developed the abilities in thinking, reasoning, and memory. They also hunted, which was a group activity because it requires precision, accuracy, planning, and silence. As a result, they probably developed hand signals and facial expressions which granted meaning for use in hunting parties; this could have been the first symbolic communication. As the Homo Habilis grasped more of this communications the signals became more complex. As a result, hands signals were developed to represent abstract concepts like good or evil. Furthermore, the hand signals organized and unified with sounds to produce a simplistic form of language. This form of communication along with tools and resources have become the foundations of an advanced culture. Homo Habilis were unendingly bipedal, thus, losing their ability to climb. Their brow ridge and the beginnings of the chin were gone. Homo Habilis were about four feet fall on average. The most complex toll made by them was the chopper, which later advanced into the axe. Homo Habilis ruled over Africa until about 1.6 million years, when Homo Erectus surfaced,
The discoverer of the titanic, Dr Robert Ballard famously referred to the deep sea as ‘far more alien than going to mars or the moon.’ The deep sea is one of the largest virtually unexplored ecosystems on the planet; it is found at a depth of 1000 fathoms [1] and is subject to adverse changes in temperature, pressure and light penetration amongst other factors. Therefore as expected fish decrease in abundance, and species diversity. This trend is prominent as in order to survive the harsh conditions of the deep sea, fish need a number of specific adaptations. Allowing them to ultimately survive, feed, and reproduce.
With its abundance of genera, the Burgess Shale is one of the world’s most important fossil fields. It’s discovery in 1909 led to over 100 years of paleontological study in the Canadian Rockies, a majority of which has been carried out in two quarries known as the Walcott and Raymond quarries (Hagadorn, 2002). Though he was originally in search of trilobites in the Burgess Shale Formation, paleontologist Charles Walcott also discovered a diverse group of soft- and hard-bodied fossils, from algae and sponges to chordates and cirripeds (Hagadorn, 2002). Soft-bodied fossils are incredibly rare due to their delicate structure and susceptibility to decay, so it is hard-bodied fossils that more regularly occur in fossil findings. However over 75,000 soft-bodied specimens have been found in the Burgess Shale formation (Hagadorn, 2002). These specimens are preserved in layers of shale formed from deposits of fine mud. One of the most significant species discovered is the Pikaia gracilens. Believed to be an early chordate, the Pikaia gracilens existed very close to the beginning of the evolutionary path that ultimately lead to humans (McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia, 2006).
...d was made of thick bones and had a low cranial vault. Their face also consist of a big arching browridges just above their eyes (Stanford 302).