Fireworks
How do fireworks produce their brilliant colors and loud bangs? To produce the noise and flashes, an oxidizer (an oxidizing agent) and a fuel (reducing agent) are used. The oxidizer oxidizes the fuel in a very exothermic reaction which produces a brilliant flash and a loud report from the rapidly expanding gases produced. For a color effect, an element with a colored emission spectrum is included. Electrons in atoms can be raised to higher-energy orbitals when the atoms absorb energy. The excited atoms can then release this excess energy by emitting light of specific wavelengths, often in the visible region. In fireworks, the energy to excite the electrons comes from the reaction between the oxidizer and fuel.
Fireworks are usually made out of the following items; an oxidizing agent, a fuel (reducing agent), a coloring agent, binders and regulators. These mixed together are what make up the basic fireworks:
Oxidizers
The first thing in a firework is the oxidizing agent. These produce the Oxygen to burn the mixture. Oxidizers are usually nitrates, chlorates or perchlorates. The common oxidizers are nitrates. These are made up of a metal ion and the nitrate ion. I'll use potassium nitrate as an example. Nitrates only give up 1/3 of their oxygen. The resulting equation would look something like this:
2KNO3 ---> 2KNO2 + O2
The next Oxidizers are chlorates are also made up of a metal ion and then the chlorate ion...
When the flame was blown out and the glowing wooden splint was placed halfway into the test tube containing H2O2 and MnO2 crystals, the splint reignited and caught flame once again. This demonstrates the decomposition of H2O2 into water and hydrogen. MnO2 is a catalyst that increases the rate at which H2O2 decomposes. Adding oxygen to a fire will cause it to burn faster and hotter and the oxygen rich test tube allowed the splint to reignite.
Combustion is a rapid, continuous reaction that usually takes place in the gas phase. Wood is an organic compound primarily comprised of cellulose. For wood, the phase change from a solid to gas is almost instantaneous as combustion occurs (Coleman, et al. 95). Ignition occurs when an outside source is no longer needed to sustain combustion (Coleman, et al. 87).
The burning of the materials is a complex process. Combustion of any material requires three components: heat, oxygen and combusting material or fuel. When heat is applied to the composites materials, temperature of the materials increases. At particular temperature, pyrolysis temperature, materials start to decompose, and produce
If you have done the Volcano project, you would know that you use more vinegar than you do baking soda, but you might not know how much more. I looked up the chemical compounds and names of some common household items, then tested their pH levels. I was going to try to prove that this project can be used with different chemicals, different pH levels, and different amounts. I would show the ideal combinations of acids and bases that would give off this mild explosion. My conclusion could help people in the future who are doing the Volcano project, and want to get a more exciting explosion. Experimental Here is how I did my experiment.
...es held by many fairy tales are conventional and represent the basic morality for many societies', which is perhaps why they quickly to gained acceptance by both children and adults throughout the nineteenth century after the Romantic Movement. During this period of time, a highly warlike society was formed by men who attended war and fighting against other countries while women were relegated to subordinate and subservient positions. The social convention formed during nineteenth century is reflected in the gender bias of the children's literature in which men were casted in predetermined and leading roles. Female heroes were portrayed as rather helpless creatures whose futures depended on the kindness of capable men, whom the women must need in order to be saved. Consequently, this pattern is displayed on the quests done by both female and male heroes respectively.
First of all, college gives us a variety of careers. You may want to be a Doctor or an Astronomer. Both careers are day and night different, but that is the beauty of a college education you are given the opportunity to explore new waters. High school graduates that don't move on to college are not given this opportunity, they are forced to choose from menial and odd jobs, that you may not even enjoy. In the article “Importance of a College Education” by Mr. Hobsons the author states “High school graduates
Despite the understanding of the outdated messages of the stories in question, fairytales still to endure when it comes to the test of time, taking responsibility in upbringing gender stereotypes and identities when it comes to gender. They argue the fairytales educate youngster’s girls in transforming themselves to a great woman in concern with cultural standards prevailing.
Oxy- fuel welding is usually called in workplace/trades terms oxy acetylene welding, gas welding and oxy fuel cutting which are all use fuel and oxygen to cut and weld metals together. It all started with the famous chemist Edmund Davy, who is suppose to be considered as the first man to make acetylene. By accident in 1836 Edmund while trying to make potassium created a black compound which was mixed with water create a gas that burned greatly. Edmund wanted to use this gas to make lights but the materials and production would cost to much. Calcium carbide was not identified until 1862. In 1892 calcium carbide was created by accident when trying to create calcium from coal tar when the production reacted with water.
In “Should Everyone Go to College?” Isabel Sawhill and Stephanie Owen make a strong valid point on whether or not college is for everyone. For many students ready to leave high school, wondering whether they should attend college is an issue that may lay heavy on one teenagers mind. There are a few factors that could be a difficult decision depending on a person’s goal they are working towards. Some students jump right into the workforce after high school. Others may sign up for the military after graduation. While these are different options, research says higher education is very important. Higher education provides opportunity for students that attend college are giving a good shot of a better career later in life. Approaching graduation, a student might find themselves asking, “Why is it important to go to college?” The answer is that education is the most important growing factor in the growth of our country. Obtaining a college degree is a
Folktales are a way to represent situations analyzing different prospects about gender, through the stories that contribute with the reality of the culture in which they develop while these provide ideas about the behavior and roles of a specific sex building a culture of womanhood, manhood and childhood. This is what the stories of Little Red Riding Hood of Charles Perrault (1697) and Little Red-Cap of the Grimm Brothers (1812) show. This essay will describe some ideas about gender in different ways. First, the use of symbolic characters allows getting general ideas about the environment in the society rather than individuals. Second, it is possible to identify ideas about gender from the plot from the applied vocabulary providing a better understanding of the actions. Finally, the narrative perspective of the tales analyzes deeply the status of the characters referring to the thoughts among the society.
Nitrogen containing flame retardants release stable and inert compounds like nitrogen gases which stop the fire cycle by either interfering with the flammable gases or with the thermal degradation of the burning material. Nitrogen containing FRs can also enhance the performance of phosphorus FRs when
the story. As the stories were altered little by little as it was passed on from one generation to another, so did the way society treated the respective gender roles at their time-frames. This is very evident in the many different versions of the Little Red Riding Hood tales as the story progresses. After close examination of the folk tales, a lot of connections can be made between the characters and the ideas about gender.
The basic set of reactions that involve this process are: Cl + O3 -->ClO + O2 and ClO + O -->Cl + O2 The net result: O3 + O -->2O2 Chlorine is initially removed in the first equation by the reaction with ozone to form chlorine monoxide. Then it is regenerated through the reaction with monatomic oxygen in the second equation. The net result of the two reactions is the depletion of ozone and atomic oxygen.6 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, and methyl bromide are a few of the ozone depletion substances (ODS) that break down ozone under intense ultraviolet light.
Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Gucci, Dior, Prada, Jimmy Choo, Hermes, Rolex…. These are all; luxury brands and they are everywhere. The luxury fashion market represents an important and increasing sector of worldwide retail (Husic and Cicic, 2009).