CHAPTER ONE
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The rate of aquaculture production is increasing all around the world as a result of the growing demand for fish as an important food source and due to depleting the production from capture fisheries (Subramanian, Shariff, Omar, & Hair-Bejo, 2012). Given the richness in aquatic resources, the fisheries sector in Sri Lanka comprises of offshore, coastal and freshwater fisheries as well as coastal and freshwater aquaculture. It contributes around 1.7% of the total GDP and provides direct and indirect employment to over 500,000 people in coastal communities around the country. It is the main source of household income for an estimated 2.5 million individuals, equivalent to 8% of the population and plays
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As per the eighth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the family Iridoviridae is subdivided into five genera, Iridovirus, Chlo-riridovirus, Ranavirus, Lymphocystisvirus and Megalocytivirus. Prominently, Megalocytivirus has gotten the most consideration in examine because of its wide host extend and on the grounds that it causes critical mortality in the aquaculture industry (Subramaniam et al., …show more content…
A developing seabass confine culture with exportation is the important aspect. The water quality of the estuary makes it perfect for culturing Lates calcarifer, also known as the giant sea perch, sea bass or Barramundi. This fish brings a high market cost locally and internationally, develops rapidly and gets by in many conditions settling on it a good choice for rearing in the estuary. The cage culture framework enables water to flow freely, keeping operational costs low. The species are modest to keep up and generally simple to create, and the eco-friendly nature of this movement makes it a good source of income for local
The 1800’s the George’s Banks off the coast of New England was very generous to the fisherman who fished the sea for a living. There was a balance between what the fisherman took and what the sea could provide. By the mid-1900 that balances began greatly to shift. Technology developed during the 1950s allowed fishermen to take in much more fish than previous years. Through continued over fishing and lack of controls in place at the time, the fish stock depleted to the point the George’s Banks could no longer support the fisherman.
The movie that shocked thousands of Americans with the secrets of SeaWorld became one of the most talked about movies of its century. Blackfish came out in July of 2013 with shocking evidence of the mistreatment of Orcas, also known as killer whales, and the dangers imposed on the whale trainers. The movie had several strategies to appeal to its audience. These strategies included the three pillars of writing; logos, ethos, and pathos. Although the overall theme of Blackfish was to inform the viewers of the treatment Seaworld imposes on Orcas, the fundamentals of the movie actively used the three pillars; ethos, logos, and pathos to effectively catch the attention of the viewers and keep them drawn into the movie; the most prominent pillar was pathos followed
Earth's oceans make up over 75% of the Earth as a whole. With that being said, it is vital to understand the significance on the contents of the oceans. Since fish and marine products make up a large portion of our diet, fishing practices need to be properly managed. In this essay, overfishing will be defined, its consequences will be revealed, and plans for proper fish distribution will be executed.
About half of the fish species live in groups at some point in their life
This tree is an Eastern White Pine and it took me 4 steps to get the answer.
Privet plant and different species of the Asian carp fish depict two instances when non-native species which were introduced in Tennessee causing problems. Privet is a flowering plant native to Europe, Asia and North Africa (“Non-native Invasive Plants”). It has been introduced to grow as a hedge [boundary]. But, this plant once planted can take over the native plants and grow in dense groups. Currently, the Great Smoky National Park crews work up to “550 work hours each year” to remove privet plants (“Non-native Invasive Plants”). Different species of Asian carp were introduced in the United States in “1970” for aquaculture purposes, but were unintentionally introduced into the rivers when some escaped from the original ponds (“Asian carp
The loss of water to the external environment is a problem that all marine fish must deal with. This is because the water contains a higher concentration of solutes (salt) than the fish does (hyperosmotic to the internal environment). This results in an osmotic gradient in which water is lost from the fish to the environment and ions are gained by diffusion. And so the marine fish must continuously drink water to keep hydrated, while the ions are actively regulated by specialised glands via excretion. This is the case with Harlequin tuskfish, which need to constantly drink water and excrete ions to maintain a stable internal environment. The Harlequin tuskfish, like all marine fish has gills that excrete salt, and a reduced, inefficient (in
There are many impacts that fishing and land animal farming have on the ocean, which are detrimental to ocean ecosystems as well as many other aspects of the environment. Overfishing, killing fish at a much quicker rate than the fish can repopulate, is one major problem. Three-fourths of the world’s fisheries are either fully exploited, overexploited, or depleted (Cowspiracy). Researchers have estimated an end of all viable fisheries by 2018 if the current trends of fishing continue (Mason). According to the Monterey Bay Seafood Watch, hundreds of thousands of animals die every year as bycatch, with one of the worst offenders being shrimp fisheries, catching up to six pounds of bycatch per pound of shrimp. Endangered species are also caught, including predators which are important in keeping the balance in ocean ecosystems (Smith). While many organizations such as the Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch recommend consumers to eat more “sustainable” fish, this will not stop the massive environmental impacts. Sustainable fishing for one does not account for the natural flux in the population of species of fish; what is considered a sustainable amount of fish to harvest one year may deplete the fishery in another year (Smith). Sustainable fish also are becoming even less sustainable as companies that label sustainable fish must find more For example, after Wal-Mart pledged to selling Marine Stewardship
A variety of options and alternatives were researched to determine the best information technology solution to improve student success and increase our retention and completion rates. The proposed IT solution, Starfish Retention Solutions, allows us to meet our business strategy to modernize the business and student support systems, while reducing recruitment costs and increasing our State of Florida Performance-Based Funding metrics score. Starfish Retention Solutions is an Enterprise Success, Academic and Planning Solutions platform. The Cloud, SaaS, and Web-based platform are compatible with other IT systems and integrate with our current learning management system LMS, Blackboard Learn. Starfish Retention Solutions comprises of three modules
With a coastline of over 202,000 km and over a fourth of the world’s freshwater resources, it is no wonder why Canada’s fishing industry is a huge part of its economy.1 Canada exports more than 75% of its fish to over 130 countries worldwide. Many of the 7 million people who reside on the coast depend on the ocean’s resources. In total, Canada’s entire fishing industry is worth around $5 billion a year, being one of the world’s most valuable. However, the coasts have not been treated with respect; overfishing, over consumption, and wasteful practices have deteriorated, not only the industry, but the ecosystems and fish populations. This is a huge global issue; the worldwide collapse of fisheries is projected for 2048.
Using genetic analysis, the virus has been further divided into many genogroups: GI, GII, GIII, GIV, and GV (8). Of the five genogroups only GI, GII, and GIV infect humans (8). Norovirus is a T=3 icosahedral and does not have an envelope (9). Its mass is approximately 56-76 kDaltons and its capsid diameter is anywhere from 23 to 38 nm (9,10). Its genome is linear and is approximately 7.3 to 8.3 kb
To fish or not to fish is a personal choice. The fact that the oceans are being overfished is a growing concern for individuals, organizations, and governments throughout the world. In this paper I want to discuss the effects of overfishing on the restaurant industry, and possible solutions to solve the problem. Fishing is an ongoing source of food for people around the world. In many countries it is a food staple in their everyday diet. In more modern societies eating fish has become a sensual experience, and not just for the wealthy. It hasn't been until population explosions in the last century that the demand for seafood has led to more effective fishing techniques and technologies. Now the demand for popular fish like the salmon, tuna, sea bass, cod and hoki, which is the key fish in McDonalds filet o' fish, is diving wild populations to dangerously low levels. The methods used to catch the amount of fish demanded by the industry do not leave sustainable populations in the wild. In an attempt to preserve the fish population, governments have set limits on the minimum size that may be harvested and how many of each may be taken. Boundaries have been set up saying which areas can be fished and which ones should be left alone. A number of smaller fisheries have gone out of business because of the limits imposed by the government. This leads to even less fish being harvested and brought to market. Therefore the amount and varieties of fish at markets are smaller and can cause shortages for wholesalers and restaurants. Some restaurants will no longer have the variety on their menus that they used to enjoy. If a restaurant thrives on its seafood menu they may be unable to cope with the shortages and will go out of business. In the ...
Throughout Canada’s economy, many industries factor how Canada makes money such as the mining industry, oil and natural gas industry, forest industry and even the agricultural industry. Although the most quick and deadly decline in an industry occurred the fishing industry. The fishing industry happened along east and west coastal areas where Atlantic cod or salmon were abundantly found while today the population of salmon is almost extinct and the moratorium in NL stands to protect fish in Canada. Today hardly any fish are able to reproduce themselves in the coastal seas where fishes were abundant about 30 years ago. The dramatic collapse of the fish population was of the regarding reasons the use of modern technology, mismanagement of the government and overfishing. To begin, fishing was done on a renewable basis by waiting until the fish were migrating and selected the fish they wanted. However, today both coasts of Canada’s fishery does not exist mainly due to the fact, after the 1950’s the new use of technology such as violent new boats with radar that have a electronic navigation systems and sonar allowed fisherman to follow the fish to their homes even in winter. This caused fisherman to fish year round, day and night, even in ice to the homes of fish. In addition, the use of huge nets also swept up many non-commercial species or commercial fish so young that they should have been left in the ocean to reproduce. In addition, one-third of the fish caught was actually taken to the market to sell while the rest were dumped (killed). The use of technology killed more fishes than any other centuries of fishing. The use of modern technology was not monitored thus killing more fish. With thousands of fish commercial or not the...
Arunatilake, M., Gunawandena, A., Marawila, D., Samaratunga, P., Semaratne, A., & Thibbotuwawa, M. Analysis of the Fisheries Sector in Sri Lanka. Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS). Retrieved February 10, 2014, from http://www.ips.lk/
The people of the world are demanding more fish every year. Creating a huge opportunity for profits when that demand is filled. However, current fisheries alone cannot sustain this demand, aquaculture must be present to alleviate strain on our world's fisheries. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2012) in 2006 the world produced 137.3 million tons of fish, 47.3 million tons of this was produced with aquaculture . By 2010 the total production of fish was 148.5 million tons, and total aquaculture production was 59.9 million tons. While total capture production has remained almost constant from 2006 to 2010, aquaculture production has steadily increased and is projected to continue to increase (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2012). However, traditional flow-through aquaculture systems (FTS) come with a host of ecological problems. While some of these problems are fixable I believe the future of aquaculture lies in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). I intend to find out whether RAS is more environmentally sustainable than flow-through aquaculture systems. Also can new technologies correct problems with current RAS facilities making them more environmentally sustainable.