Finding out How Much Acid There is in a Solution
During the extraction of a metal from its ore, sulphur dioxide is
often produced. It is converted into Sulphuric (VI) acid and sold as a
useful by-product.
I shall be carrying out a titration between sodium carbonate, a weak
alkali, and sulphuric acid, a strong acid, to calculate the
concentration of the sulphuric acid. The sodium carbonate sample I
shall be using is a solid. Solids cannot be titrated successfully, so
I will turn it into a solution by adding distilled water to it. The
distilled water has no adverse effects on the sodium carbonate.
[IMAGE]Na2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Methyl orange is an acid-base indicator, which changes colour
according to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution to which
it is added to. It 'indicates' the end point of the acid-base
titration, and tests the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. I
shall be using methyl orange as the indicator in my titration because,
for a titration between a strong acid and a weak alkali, methyl orange
works most effectively.
HMe H + Me
Red colourless Yellow
From this titration, I can expect the solution to turn colourless.
This is because the addition of an acid displaces the equilibrium to
the left so that the concentration of H is more than Me and so the
solution turns clear.
Apparatus
Ø Sample of sodium carbonate (2.63g)
Ø Sulphuric acid
Ø Methyl orange indicator (3 drops)
Ø Distilled water
Ø Spatula
Ø Watch Glass (23.56g)
Ø Glass rod
Ø 250cm³ Beaker x2
Ø 250cm³ Volumetric flask
Ø 250cm³ Conical flask
Ø Funnel
Ø 25cm³ Pipette and pipette filler
Ø Burette
Ø Weighing scales
Ø White tile
Ø Safety glasses/lab coat
Ø Dropping pipette
N.B All the apparatus above is accurately calibrated.
Variables
The control variables, which are the factors I shall be keeping the
Compress the safety bulb, hold it firmly against the end of the pipette. Then release the bulb and allow it to draw the liquid into the pipette.
Thorough analysis of the graph displayed enough evidence suggesting that an increase in substrate concentration will increase the height of bubbles until it reaches the optimum amount of substrate concentration, resulting in a plateau in the graphs (figure 2). Hence; supported the hypothesis.
taken into account. It is also best to make sure you are working in a
down the surface but this is by means no means the only factor. It is
head, to the right shoulder, all the way down to the right part of the
osmosis, it can works both ways so that it can pass into and out of
Conclusion: Finally, water molecules are moved from high concentration to low concentration Based on the data collected and the results of the experiment, the hypothesis was correct.
water and the slower the reaction will be. If the pot is close to the
from both sides, leaving us with ½ V2 = GH. When the above equation is
bottom of the tube. Next a cotton ball is placed in each of the two test tubes
The world around us is composed of all acids and bases including the ones in air and water. As humans, we come into contacts with acids and bases each day. For example, vinegar, lemon juice and vitamin C are acids that are used everyday. Testing the pH is important at it determines whether the substance is a strong or weak acid/base. Indicators such as methyl orange, bromothymol blue and litmus are examples of indicators that are used to test the pH of swimming pools as acids from the human body and acid rain could change the pH in the pool. Also, they are used to test the pH of aquarium water and ensure that the pH doesn't exceed or fall below the pH ranges that fish can survive in. A typical fish can have better quality life in pH ranges between 7.0 and 8.0.
According to the graph on amylase activity at various enzyme concentration (graph 1), the increase of enzyme dilution results in a slower decrease of amylose percentage. Looking at the graph, the amylose percentage decreases at a fast rate with the undiluted enzyme. However, the enzyme dilution with a concentration of 1:3 decreased at a slow rate over time. Additionally, the higher the enzyme dilution, the higher the amylose percentage. For example, in the graph it can be seen that the enzyme dilution with a 1:9 concentration increased over time. However, there is a drastic increase after four minutes, but this is most likely a result of the error that was encountered during the experiment. The undiluted enzyme and the enzyme dilution had a low amylose percentage because there was high enzyme activity. Also, there was an increase in amylose percentage with the enzyme dilution with a 1: 9 concentrations because there was low enzyme activity.
The veins supply the deoxygenated blood from the body to the right side of heart. Then the heart pumps it back to the lungs, where it absorbs more oxygen. Then the oxygen contained blood returns to the left side of your heart and then it pumps it out to the res...
fluid for you. You can check the count on a hemacytometer if you want, but no one does