There is a problem with women’s view of gender identity in post communistic Eastern Europe. In the post-communism era there has been a promotion of gender difference rather than equality, where the status of women has regressed. There has been a lack of availability for economic opportunities and female representation in politics. These issues are addressed in the articles; ‘Incorporating Gendered Identities into Transition Studies,’ ‘Women in Post-Communist politics’ and ‘Feminism and Post-Communism’ and I will investigate the reasons why women are confused of their role in society post-communism. In my first article ‘Incorporating Gendered Identities into Transition Studies.’ The authors: Nastasia and Kartoshkina propose that women’s gender identity is “up for grabs” and that identities are in a transition right now where women are unclear of their role in society. The article discusses paradoxes in the transition studies between west and east similarly to the article ‘Feminism and Post-Communism.’ The propaganda messages during the 1940’s to 1980’s were to promote women to work outside the home by liberalizing the idea of family and prohibiting sexually explicit images or writings, creating relationship related problems for women. There then became no account for relationship related problems, sexual harassment, rape, domestic violence or divorce. During post-communism, difference has become embraced, where certain topics of diversity would have remained taboo, in post-communistic Eastern Europe these topics are not off limits. This created a huge difference in genders rather than their goal of equality. Clearly women have been under represented and treated like second-class citizens during this period. There is ... ... middle of paper ... ...n in the future and not have to rely on socialist government to “create equality,” increase economic opportunities and have more female representation in parliament. I agree that gender differences are good and the countries in Eastern Europe need to recognize the positive differences and not be repressed by society. Works Cited Nastasia, Diana Iulia, Sorin Nastasia, and Yuliya Kartoshkina. "Incorporating Gendered Identities Into Transition Studies." Controversia 6.2 (2009): 97-103. Communication & Mass Media Complete. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. 2.Chiva, Cristina. "Women In Post-Communist Politics: Explaining Under-Representation In The Hungarian And Romanian Parliaments." Europe-Asia Studies 57.7 (2005): 969-994. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. 3.Funk, Nanette. "Feminism And Post-Communism." Hypatia 8.4 (1993): 85. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.
...cs should gain its value, and lastly people should vote because it is their responsibility. Moredish Conroy points out, “The traditional ruler view of women rejects the idea that femaleness and political power can coexist.” The traditional idea of what constitute leadership should be rejected. Bashevkin speaks that people must face their own internalized, often unrecognized feelings of discomfort with putting women in positions of power. This should change. Rationally, we all need to engage ourselves in politics because it contributes to our day to day activity. This book is a precondition to change because it promotes awareness by bringing change through monitoring the media, social movements, public opinions, electoral reforms, consensus building, collaboration, stronger motivation, and changing the rule of the game. This assures every citizen, every voice counts.
Clark, Charles S. "Feminism's Future." CQ Researcher 28 Feb. 1997: 169-92. Web. 27 Mar. 2014.
Beasley, Chris. What Is Feminism: An Introduction to Feminist Theory. London: Thousand Oaks, Calif., 1999. Print.
The women of Soviet Union had shown great heroism during the years of World War II. Soviet law gave Soviet women access to participate actively in every sphere of the states’ duties and recognized them as full and equal citizens of the country. Large numbers of Soviet women took the places of men in traditionally masculine jobs. They skillfully performed the jobs that had long been viewed as the exclusive domain of men
For such a long time, men have traditionally been in charge of politics, society, education and the economy. As a result, women have been through countless ups and downs in the human history as their rights have never been recognized. Over hundred years of fighting for justice, women slowly gained their places in the society. In today’s society, many women from around the world still have no right. The problem lies in the different beliefs of peoples toward women’s equality, some accept it, and some are against it. This matter is one of the biggest debated topics worldwide. Throughout many crucial events and movements that helped women reach their goal, World War II was the most significant historical shift that changed women’s
Beginning with the early nineteen hundreds, women from all over the country have bounded together, forming leagues and clubs for equal rights. However, it wasn't until today "at the dawn of the twenty-first century, states and international community can no longer refute the fact that humanity is made up of two sexes, not just one" (Oliveria 26). Why has the woman's move for equality just now started to balance itself out? Well, the answer is quite simple; women are just now being looked at as semi-equals. They are beginning to become corporate executives in businesses, and popular in the field of medicine and law. Women have tried hard to push themselves forward in society to create a balanced and harmonious economy and so far it has been successful. Barriers of all kinds have been broken, well, all except a few, mainly in politics and with the information I have collected I will show why.
Feminist social theory ought to challenge the ideals of Classical social theory embodied by the work of authors, such Marx, Durkheim, Weber and Simmel. Such traditional values tend to exclude women from their social analysis of the modern world, as women were considered non social agents. In support of this, Durkheim claim that men were product of society, whereas women belonged to nature, (Harrington: 2005, p.236). Thus, feminist social theory embrace post-enlightenment principles, focusing on values associated to “difference”,”particularism” and “specificity” (Harrington: 2005, p. 233). In order to do so, Feminist social theory has been feed by feminist theories which have similar concern about the study of social world, as both highlight the absence of women figure in modern social studies. Thus, the main key features of feminist social theory are the impact of patriarchy in society; the study of gender differences, the incorporation of different epistemology pretending to palliate social neglect toward women, and the analysis of postmodernist theories (Fulcher & Scott, 2003: 173).
Kampwirth, Karen. Feminism and the Legacy of Revolution. United States of America: Ohio University, 2004. Print.
The Bolshevik Revolution played a role of women’s lives in Russia. According to Stites and Rimmel, the Revolution affected the women’s lives positively or not at all. The Soviet women went through phases throughout the Revolution and experienced several difficulties before, during, and after the Revolution. The difficulties included inequality among education, labor, leadership, and a person’s rights overall (Stites 165). Women were basically required to maintain their households and take care of their children while men made the decisions and worked for their families (164). This document argues both sides of how the Revolution improved or did not affect women’s lives. Stites believes that the Revolution started the steps for women to improve their lives, while Rimmel believes the Revolution did not affect women’s lives (163). The Revolution, in my opinion, mostly improved the lives of women but the women did not secure their overall rights. The Soviet women during the Revolution had an idea on how to improve their lives and succeeded to a certain extent but that idea was not fully achieved and is still hard to achieve to this day.
This essay will discuss whether or not the Bolshevik revolution did indeed improve women’s lives in Soviet Russia. Richard Stites, Author of, Women and the Revolutionary Process in Russia says yes. He explains the struggles and mishaps of women pre-1917 and after. He argues that sexual tensions seized to exist in the new “machine run non-bias classless society”. On the other hand, Francoise Navailh, author of, The Soviet Model, says that it did not improve the lives of women in Soviet Russia He argues, that even though women gained the right to vote, they lacked in any other improvements.
Russell, Letty M., and J. Shannon Clarkson. Dictionary of Feminist Theologies. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996.
Udayagiri, Mridula. (1995) “Challenging Modernization: Gender and Development, Postmodern Feminism and Activism”, in Marchand, Marianne and Parpart, Jane (eds) Feminism Postmodernism Devlopment, London; New York: Routledge: 159-179.
This comes in the form of significant pay gaps between the sexes, rape culture, and how society views women and their roles within it. For many women, this has become a relevant issue as more women begin speaking out about the injustices against them and begin to revolutionize these issues, much like how Mina Loy revolutionized the issues within her time. One thing that I have noted is that within both periods of time, 1914 and 2016 there are many similar claims that prove to be relevant, one of Mina Loy’s claims that still speaks to the needs of today, was her belief that the “only method [of upheaval] is absolute demolition (Kocher).” This still holds true within both time periods. However, while there are claims that today’s society will accept there are also some that they will reject, one of these claims would be her one-sided feminism. Feminism has evolved since 1914, meaning that feminism does not only include females, it includes males too, which promotes equality for both sexes. This was never evident within her
...en will never be fully equal and if it does happen, it will not be for a long time. It took about 90 years for women to get this far and have a much greater influence in new Europe then they ever dreamed to have in the old. Maybe in another 90 years women will be even closer to complete equality.
“In short, feminism, which one might have supposed as dead as the Polish Question, is again an issue. Proponents call it the Second Feminist Wave, the first having ebbed after the glorious victory of suffrage and disappeared, finally, into the great sandbar of Togetherness.”