This experiment was initialized to find out the how lead can affect the mating behaviors of a fathead minnow. The question that was asked was, which tank (A or B) would contain lead and what effects led to lead exposure. The minnow experiment helped apprehend the effects caused by lead on other mammals and employ the results and conclusions into data that can be used to treat or diagnose human when exposed to this element. Based on data given and I conceived that, when male minnows are exposed to lead, they will be less interested and have hindered motor skills.
In the minnow experiment, there were two tanks. One tank that contained lead and another that didn’t, this was stated as an independent variable. The number of mating habits that
…show more content…
We cognized that majority of the behavior types for Tank B were much lower in comparison to Tank A. In only one behavior type Tank B surpassed exceedingly with Tank A, which was patrol. For nest prep the minnows performed nest prep an average of 6 times in Tank A, whilst in Tank B the minnows only performed an average of 3. In Tank A, hover had an average of 12 hovers per 5 minutes, but hovering only consisted of 8 times in Tank B. Spawn was accepted as a very rare occurrence, since none of the minnows in any tank performed spawning. In the class average Tanks A had a mean spawn of 1 and Tank B had none. For our group, number of chasing performed by male minnows in Tank A edged Tank B by a quarter. The class data was very similar in which tank produced the most behaviors per mating behavior …show more content…
What was the most significant and very unique from the rest of the data was the patrol behavior type. In both graphs we could see that patrol was higher for Tank B instead of Tank A, which was the norm. Some of the patterns found noticeable in both graphs was how Tank A had loftier numeric values than Tank B. Patterns like this helped construct a better analysis and assumptions to make a valid conclusion. Reasoning behind the the trends could be related to the effect lead could have caused on the brain. Since we know lead is a substance that has no use in a mammal's
We observed Sowbugs in multiple environments to determine which environment they preferred. The observational chamber was a rectangle box split equally in half. One side of this rectangle was filled with dry sand that had been heated for five minutes by a lamp, and the other side was filled with damp soil that did not receive the lamp heat. We placed each sowbug on the middle boarder of the cool, damp soil and the hot, dry sand. We each chose one sowbug to track, and made a record of its placement each minute for five minutes total. We repeated this process three times. After each repetition, we removed the sowbugs, and replaced them with new sowbugs to observe. After this observation, we shared, and recorded our results. The sowbugs spent
5. A second test tube was then filled with water and placed in a test
Abstract: The house cricket, Acheta domesticus, was used to test whether food and potential mates drive aggressive behavior. Male crickets were randomly selected in pairs and place into a cage to observe aggressive behaviors in the presence of no food, food, and female. The cage provided a confine area for the crickets to fight one another while the variables of food and female were used in attempts of increasing aggressive interactions between the male crickets. There was no significance found through this experiment due to a lack of data. It was discovered that the experiment would have to be done at a larger scale to be able to see any significance in the two variables.
The Northern White-tailed deer have a polygynous mating system (fcps.edu, nd). Most white tails mate in their second year but it is possible for females to become sexually active after only seven months. The male species are polygamous but may develop an attachment to a doe for several days or weeks. The female species come into heat in November for only twenty-four hours. If the female is not mated she will have a second heat...
P6: ‘The animals behaviour and natural instinct changes in a marine park compared to in its natural habitat’ (para 3).
Fruteau C, Range F, Noe R. 2009 Infanticide risk and infant defence in multi-male free-ranging sooty mangabeys, Cercocebus atys. Behavioral Processes 83, 113-118
Lead is a metal found virtually everywhere even today. Sources of lead include auto body shops, electric storage batteries, glazes for china dishes, crockery, insecticides, electric cable insulation, hose, pipe, sheet and floor coverings. Lead is associated with stain glass work, jewelry making and antique ceramic doll painting. Although lead in paint was outlawed, there are still many homes that have lead paint (White et al, 1990). Lead found in gasoline was found in one study to account for 23--27% of the lead blood levels in the people tested (Wagner, 1991). This exposure to lead sources is more of a concern for children due to the characteristic habit of children to taste everything they touch; this characteristic is known as pica. Children are also in closer contact with their lead polluted environment during play. They are more active and exposed to outdoor contaminates and they inhale dust and dirt that are lead contaminated. Furthermore, the adsorption rate of lead in the digestive tract is up to 10 times greater in chil...
Deborah L. Duffy, Yuying Hsu, James A. Serpell ,Applied Animal Behavior Science - 1 December 2008 (Vol. 114, Issue 3, Pages 441-460, DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006)
To begin with, it is an innate behavior when an animal has the instinct to know when to mate and to which species. This is known as a Courtship behavior. For example, I own a fish and a snail which live in the same tank. During the mating time, they both know not to mate with each other. They won’t mate because they aren’t the same species. When they find their correct mate, they may use dances, songs, colorful displays, or pheromones to attack their mate. Usually birds do a dance or song while peacocks show the colorful displays of their feathers. This r...
...rbal Aggressiveness total ranged from 10.00 to 50.00 (M=23.62, SD=5.56). (Anderson & Martin, 1995, p.48)
Females like to choose mates who have very bright colors as it is a sign of the male’s good health and vigor. The natural and sexual selection can affect populations in three ways: directional (environmental conditions change in a consistent direction; one extreme of phenotypes is favored), stabilizing (environmental conditions are relatively constant; intermediate phenotype is favored), and disruptive selection (environment has more than one type of useful resource; both extremes of phenotypes are favored). An example of directional selection is pesticide resistance since only the insects with a resistance are favored; an example of stabilizing selection is that the smallest lizards have a difficulty defending their territory whereas the largest lizards are most likely to be eaten by owls; an example of disruptive selection are the black-bellied seedcrackers since they either have a large beak (which they can use to eat had seeds), or a small beak (which allows them to eat soft seeds). Disruptive selection shows a balanced polymorphism, which is when two or more phenotypes are maintained in a
5. Kellert, S.R. and E.O. Wilson, editors. 1993 The Biophilia Hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC
The main weakness in the article is, the author may use graphs or tables to elaborate facts and figures.
In order to understand the present lifestyles relating to different approaches and tactics applied by humans in mate choice preferences, there is the need to refer to Darwin (1859, 1871) evolutionary perspectives. Darwin (1871) sexual selection is the driving force for males and females reproductive quest for their genes survival. These driving forces have been classified into two categories as intra-sexual and intersexual mate selection.Intersexual selection is male sexual selection process whereby males compete with other males and the females choose the strongest as their ideal partner. Intra-sexual selection occurs when the male species fight among themselves and the strongest gain access to females for
The “increased-intake hypothesis” states that with a higher Resting Metabolic Rate, more energy can be converted into secondary sexual traits (Okada, et. al., 2011).