Familarities And Differences: Similarities Between Luke And Acts

4 can be described as follows: (to have) flesh (and bones)
(provoke to jealousy my) flesh

1. personal categorization
1. social categorization
2. personal identity
2. group of origin
3. familarity
3. familarity
4. alive
4. alive

Σάρξ in Luke 24:39 and Romans 11:14 belongs to the same semantic domain, namely anthropology or cosmology, and the subcategory personal or social categorization. The semantic component being of the same origin, or having a shared kinship identity, is not emphasized in Luke 24:39, but the component could rightly be included in the semantic componential structure of σάρξ also in this setting. Both in Romans 11:14 and in Luke 24:39, σάρξ evokes the idea of shared in-group belonging and, most evidently, shared human

The use of σάρξ in Luke/Acts is quite restricted: The term occurs twice in Luke and thrice in Acts. In a reference to Isaiah 40:3–5, the prophet says that every human (πᾶσα σὰρξ) shall see the salvation of God (Luke 3:6). The second occurrence is the one discussed above (Luke 24:39). In Acts, the term occurs thrice in Peter’s speech on the Day of Pentecost, of which all of them appear within references to Hebrew scripture. The term σάρξ is embedded in a reference to Joel 2:28–29: “And it shall come to pass afterward, that I will pour out my spirit on all flesh [σάρξ/בָּשָׂ֑ר]; your sons and daughters shall prophesy, your old men shall dream dreams, and your young men shall see visions. Even upon the menservants and the maidservants in those days, I will pour out my spirit” (Acts 2:17–21). In this setting, πᾶσαν σάρκα refers to every human, and, in this case explicitly regardless of age, gender, and socio-economic class. The second occurrence belongs to a quotation from Psalms 16:8–11, in which king David says—according to Peter in Acts, with reference to Jesus—that his heart rejoiced, and his glory/tongue was glad, and his flesh [σάρξ/בָּשָׂ֑ר] would also rest in hope (see Acts 2:26). This series of Hebrew idioms refers to functions and expressions of the person, as aspects of the living person in a social context. The heart is the person (who rejoices), the tongue is the person (who is

About 25 percent of the occurrences of σάρξ are directly concerned with kinship relations to Abraham or David (see 1:3; 4:1; 9:3; 9:5; 9:8; 11:14). About 75 percent relates the human inability to fulfill the law (see 3:20; 6:19; 7:5; 7:18; 7:25; 8:3a; 8:4; 8:5; 8:6; 8:7; 8:8; 8:12; 8:13; 13:14). This is not how certain passages traditionally have been understood, but it is possible that Paul simply refutes kinship identity as a means for salvation also in this letter. As Jewett, Stendahl and others have emphasized, Paul’s view of the lesser significance of the collective identity is a major theme of this letter.7 In Romans, Paul describes God’s action in sending Jesus in the “likeness of sinful σάρξ,” on account of sin, to condemn sin in the σάρξ (Rom 8:3b). Paul also exhorts the addressees that they must not care too much about that which belongs to the σάρξ (13:14). From a gnostic viewpoint, Paul letter includes many peculiar expressions with regard to σάρξ. Paul can speak about the understanding of the σάρξ (τὸ φρόνημα τῆς σαρκὸς; Rom 8:6, 7), which implies that he does not seem to assume any contrast between σάρξ and the