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Dangers of smoking
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Factors that Negatively Effect Fetal Development
Pregnant women that smoke cigarettes on a daily basis can greatly harm their fetus. The Tobacco smoke in cigarettes greatly reduces fetal growth through the presence of nicotine, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, cadmium and various other aromatic hydrocarbons, but the two most dangerous chemicals that are found in cigarettes are nicotine and carbon monoxide. Nicotine causes the babies heart rate to speed up, reduces placental vascularisation, constricts the placental arteries, and thickens the endothelium of placental blood vessels. This creates a reduction in the placental blood flow, and further reductions in oxygen delivery. As well nicotine interferes with the ability of the placenta to feed the baby the nutrients it requires. Therefore the babies growth is slowed down. Carbon monoxide causes growing cells to be starved of oxygen, and effects the brain. This can lead to a low birth weight and higher chance of the baby dying at birth. Smoking is the single largest modifiable( changeable) risk factor in fetal growth retardation. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is also associated with genetic defects as well as an increased incidence of congenital malformations such as cleft palates, microcephalus, and clubfoot. Mothers who smoke one pack a day during pregnancy have an 85% increased risk of having a child with mental retardation. Mothers that smoke during their pregnancy have double the chance of having a child with behavural problems.
Another one of the biggest factors that disrupts fetal growth and development is alcohol. This is a very common substance abuse of pregnant women. Everytime the pregnant mother is drinking, her fetus is also drinking. The alcohol crosses the placental barrier, and goes directly into the fetus's liver. The ethanol found in alcohol may impair the nutrient support of the fetus. Acetaldehyde, a major metabolite, crosses the placenta and is teratogenic. Since the alcohol stays in the fetus for a long time, the small liver is unable to metabolize the alcohol. The alcohol also travels through the blood stream going directly to the baby's brain, and this can damage the central nervous system. The common, severe, and hazardous side effect that happens to the fetus because of alcohol is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. This is a very serious side effect that has lasting and sometimes ...
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...e the death of the fetus.
Pregnant women should distant themselves from heavy metals. such as, lead and methyl mercury which can harm the fetus.
All pregnant women should be aware and cautious about contacting a disease. Some of the diseases are fatal and very hazardous to the fetus, while some only have minor effects on the fetus. Many of the diseases contacted by pregnant mothers are sexually contacted diseases. Some examples of these diseases are Aids, and Gonorrhea. There are also other non-related diseases such as, Rubella, and Toxoplasmolisis and, which can affect the fetus.
Toxoplasmolisis is a bacterial infection. This is a parasitic disease that can effect the fetus, by causing growth retardation.
Another harmful disease that can affect the fetus is Rubella or otherwise called German Measles. Pregnant woman that have Rubella during the first trimester can effect the fetus and cause a syndrome of birth defects called congenital rubella syndrome. This can cause deafness, cataracts, congenital heart disease, and mental retardation.
In conclusion, pregnant women should try to avoid all substances that can be potentially harmful to the fetus within them.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggestion that a pregnant woman should not drink alcohol during pregnancy (Advisory on alcohol use in pregnancy 2005) has been widely criticized as being unnecessarily paternalistic, but the CDC goes further into explaining that, “Alcohol consumed during pregnancy increases the risk of alcohol related birth defects, including growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, central nervous system impairment, behavioral disorders, and impaired intellectual development” (Advisory on alcohol use in pregnancy
Why is caffeine dangerous during pregnancy? Caffeine is dangerous during pregnancy, because it can cause miscarriages; it stresses the immature metabolism of the fetus, and increases the blood flow in the placenta. Through this research I have witnessed that caffeine can be very dangerous. These three points are some of the main dangers of caffeine during pregnancy.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem about a knight in King Arthur’s court. The knights of King Arthur were know to follow a strict code of chivalry. In the beginning of the story, the Green Knight came to King Arthur’s court to play a game. This particular game is called the beheading game. In this game, one person strikes the other in the neck and the other receives the blow, and after a set amount of time, the blow is returned. Sir Gawain decides to take the challenge and play with the Green Knight, and the date is set for a year and one day. Sir Gawain must come and find the Green Knight on this day and receive his blow. In his journey to find the Green Knight, he faces many temptations that call the code of chivalry into question. Sir Gawain ultimately
Pregnancy can also be titled as a risk factor. You're at increased risk of contracting listeriosis which is an infection caused by listeria bacteria. This bacterium may also cause meningitis. If you have listeriosis, your unborn baby is also at high risk of catching meningitis.
There are many factors that are integrated into the successful development of a child from Prenatal growth into toddlerhood. Teratogens (outside factors) have a great impact on the babies’ inutero development. Some outside factors like second-hand smoke, smog, or fumes from cleaning chemicals can cause negative effects on the child inside the womb. A few major affects from teratogens could result in low birth weight, head circumference, slow physical growth as well as an effect on mental, behavioral and motor skills (Berk, 2003). The environment around the mother provides many of these outside factors affecting the baby’s growth. But the main link to teratogens during the gestation period is most likely the mother. Daniel S. Messinger and the National Institute on Drug Abuse found that 2.8% of pregnant women admitted to using illicit drugs during their pregnancy (1996). Through illicit drug use, tobacco use and alcohol use, the mother disrupts her baby’s growth with possibly permanent damage.
The culture of a company can either make or break the company itself in terms of success. In order to understand the culture of the Lincoln Electric Company, for example, one must understand the different aspects of the company itself. How has culture kept this company going for over one hundred and twenty years?
At first, what came almost immediately was her desire to thank her parents. Yet, saying both of her parents wasn’t enough. The men in the workman community are the ones who bring home the paychecks and support the family. As a result, it was necessary to single out the male in the family even though in the eyes of Patri, is not worth the toast. Patri, nonetheless, lies and states that he is “The best man in the world”. Patri’s toast denotes a turning point in Patri’s thought process. She comes to realize that she needs to be valued as a person and not remain at the “bottom of the ladder” in the most “primitive form (page 131 and 132). Following the toasts, Patri is acquainted with the unique opportunity to join ghosts that “haunt” and reside at the building grounds to which Patri’s family and friends work. Not only is this unique in that Patri is the only one invited, but also in this situation, she is a woman with the power to say yes or no. “The ghosts put her in a position where she had to think, had to attend to thinking” (page 108). Unlike other women, Patri has the decision to both jump off the ledge and join a new group of people that seem to value her presence, or remain at the bottom rung of a large society to which she is a social outcast. On the final page of the novella, Patri decides that the time has come to take the leap and join the ghost society. In the end, Patri, in essence, was pushed over
The Arthurian romance, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, follows the fictional medieval life of a knight of the king’s round table. This tale is set in a time when the court is youthful, known throughout the land of Camelot, for their great honor. The protagonist, Sir Gawain, adherence to the knight’s code of conduct will be tested through a yearlong journey. This code of conduct involves the knights being chivalrous Christian men. The theme of chivalry interweaves though the tale as Sir Gawain undergoes a test to prove his worthiness to the court through a game, he is accompanied by Christian elements that strengthen him on the journey, while different interpretations of the round table’s knightly code are presented during the course of the
Jancárková, N., & Gregor, V. (2000). [Teratogens during pregnancy]. Ceska gynekologie/Ceska lekarska spolecnost J. Ev. Purkyne, 65(3), 188-194.
The first type of pollution is air pollution. According to United States Environmental Protection Agency (as cited in Vallero, 2008, p. 3), air pollution is the presence of
Some contaminates can be noticed because of an odor, where some cannot because they are odorless. Air pollution is contamination of air by the discharge of harmful substances. We have many pollutants, which cause air pollution. Some examples are carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. All of these pollutants can cause lot cancer, birth defects, brain and nerve damage, long-term injury to the lungs etc. They also harm nature and our environment by destroying forests, lakes, and animals. .Air Pollution is also a form of pollution and arises from factories and transportation depend on huge amounts of fuel. Numerous tons of coal and oil are being consume around the world every year. When we use these types of fuel, they produce not only smoke, but they also put by-products into the atmosphere. The cumulative effect of air pollution poses a grave threat to humans and the environment. “Chemical reactions involving air pollutants can create acidic compounds which can cause harm to vegetation and buildings. Sometimes, when an air pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines with the water droplets that make up clouds, the water droplets become acidic, forming acid rain.” (Today, 2010) When acid rain falls is bad for trees, and can harm animals and other
Obviously, the increase of the population means more trash and garbage, and the waste materials or toxic substances are absorbed by the soil then eventually passed to the rivers and oceans. Often, tons of garbage are thrown directly into the water. However, water is contaminated not only due to regular garbage disposal; factories, plants and mills are the key pollutants of the water. Air pollution contributes significantly to water pollution. Most of the air pollution that affects water comes from coal-fired power plants and industrial emissions from factories. Countries like China do not use new technologies in minimizing greenhouse gas emissions from factories and plants, and so pollution becomes one of the leading indirect causes of death. Many times the water in rivers and lakes is contaminated to such a hazardous level that it becomes prohibited from using. The wildlife of natural ecosystems is contaminated by chemicals that causes either the death of the entire ecosystems or hurts the consumers of the contaminated products (i.e. seafood, water, salt). Additionally, water is polluted by biocides used in
What is pollution? Pollution is a substance or thing that has harmful or poisonous effects. The importance of the study of pollution is to inform readers on the effects and how it can hurt your health. According to Peeples, “Air has gotten cleaner in recent years. But more than half of people in the U.S. still breathe dirty air enough to to cause health problems.” Most people who go outside expect to breathe in clean fresh air, but that’s not always the case if you live in urban areas because those places have many cars, trucks, buses, planes, and even factories that give off pollution into the air more than rural areas. Even though big cities are trying their best to help the environment lower the amount of pollution, there are still lingering amounts of pollution in the air that is breathed. What has been done to help the air has improved it because the air is getting cleaner from then all the way to now. Although if you live in more of a rural area there may not be a huge amount of pollution coming into the air because of less traffic, more open land,
Other forms of pollution include water and soil pollution. Soil pollution is caused by industrial waste that robs the soil of its essential nutrients. This makes harvesting crops more difficult and over time destroys the planet’s soil. Water pollution is caused by oil spills, acid rain, urban runoff, and trash that lands in the ocean. It is important to keep our waters clean for marine life and to provide clean drinking water for all. Water is a basic human necessity and polluted water can be deadly. Lack of sanitation in water can lead to serious illnesses like cholera and possibly
By terminating or reducing our usage of harsh chemicals provides the best way to to protect our bodies of water from the nasty chemicals. When chemicals seep into a body of water, the side effects could be disastrous and leave many of the organisms within the ecosystem in very harsh conditions. After a rain shower when water is running down the streets or after you give your car a wash your car , the runoff water carries toxic chemicals from your street and yard which ultimately may filtrate into our waterways. Sweeping trash instead of hosing it off of your drive/walkway will decrease the amount of unwanted items making into the water system. When washing your car, use a bucket instead of a hose. Having permeable outdoor surfaces like gravel, as well as gardens, also minimizes runoff but gardens can also have a negative effect. For example elements found in fertilizer such as phosphorus and nitrogen, aid in escalation in algae growth when it is introduced to a body of water, which kills off existing aquatic life in the area. The toxins also affect humans in a way. There is a high chance that if you do not have a drinking well located several hundred feet below the surface then you have been exposed to many toxic substances that have been dumped into the ground and into our waterways for many years. Dumping untreated human waste, different chemicals and other toxic material into the waterways can damage them permanently. “Nearly every municipal water supply also has fluoride (a highly toxic poison) added during water treatment, which is detrimental to your health. Europeans have known for many years that fluoride is toxic and have long since removed it from their water supplies, but it still is used in the United States”(Mercola). Some bodies of water “die” due to the pollutants that they endure. They become unable to support any