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Psychological effects of body image
Psychological effects of body image
Psychological effects of body image
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Exploring Orthorexia and Exercise Addiction: Are There Specific Personality Traits That Exist Among The Healthy Obsessed? Can you ever be too healthy? When health and the purity of being healthy are taken too far results such as eating disorders, specifically Orthorexia Nervosa and other restrictive eating disorders begin to emerge. The obsession of eating healthy switches into elimination and fear based dieting. Another component that exists among the healthy obsessed is exercise, which quickly can turn into exercise dependence or addiction for fear that if they do not exercise they will not be “healthy”. The need and want to be healthy becomes an obligation and obsession. According to both Lloyd and Miller’s findings, in 2014, both narcissism and perfectionism may be important precursors of exercise dependence, and that a combination of these personality traits is associated with exercise dependence (Lloyd, Yiend, Schmidt, & Tchanturia)(Miller & Mesagno). Miller says “Narcissism is defined as a pattern of traits and behaviours that represent an obsession with the self to the exclusion of all others, and the egotistic pursuit of gratification, dominance and ambition (Vaknin, 2003)” (Miller & Mesagno). There are currently limited investigations that have examined the relationship between personality traits that exist in people with Exercise addiction/dependence and Orthorexia (Segura-García, Papaianni, Caglioti, Procopio, Nisticò, Bombardiere, et al. Capranica.). Exercise addiction is characterized by excessive exercise patterns with potential negative consequences such as overuse injuries. Striving for enhancing athletic performance, many undergo rigid dietary habits, which could lead to eating disorders such as Orthorexi... ... middle of paper ... ...ere is currently limited research that examines the relationship between personality traits and exercise dependence. Previous research has been conducted on personality disorders or specific personality traits in which those with eating disorders display. Though some researchers found Narcissism, Obsessive compulsive traits and Perfectionism to be some of the personality traits occurring among those with eating disorders the results are not conclusive and have not been looked at in regards to those with Orthorexia Nervosa. With this new emerging subtype of eating disorder, Orthorexia Nervosa, and lack of knowledge regarding the disease the purpose of this study will be to examine if personality traits such as Narcissism, Obsessive compulsive, and Perfectionism exist among those who display signs and qualities of Orthorexia Nervosa and Exercise addiction/ dependence.
In the book, Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and The Brain by Dr. John J. Ratey, MD (2008), Ratey discuses how exercise can help treat many mood disorders and how it can help strengthen our brains. This book is divided into ten chapters all with five to ten subsections in them. The chapters include: Welcome to the revolution: A Case Study on Exercise and the brain, Learning, Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Attention Deficit, Addiction, Hormonal Changers, Aging, and the Regimen.
Disordered eating, probably one of the more well-known components of the disorder, is frequently caused by the habitually distorted ideal body image prevalent in many sports. It is most often seen in sports where weight is a factor. This includes sports that are “subjectively scored” like figure skating, those that...
Mond, J., Myers, T., Crosby, R., Hay, P., & Mitchell, J. (2008). 'Excessive exercise' and eating-disordered behaviour in young adult women: Further evidence from a primary care sample. European Eating Disorders Review, 16(3), 215-221. doi:10.1002/erv.855
Orthorexia, an Eating Disorder not yet formally recognized as a mental health disorder proposed in 1997 by Steven Bratman, M.D., does not lead to the levels of malnutrition to which Anorexia does. However, due to its restrictive nature, in which the sufferer eats only ...
Williamson, D., R.G. Netemeyer, L.P. Jackman, D.A. Anderson, C.L. Funsch, & J.Y. Rabalais. (1 995). Structural Equation Modeling of Risk Factors for the Development of Eating Disorder Symptoms in Female Athletes, Intemational Joumal of Eating Disorders, 17(4)
women long-distance racers were more likely to report a past history of an eating disorder than the control population and that reported in the general population. We cannot say that running was responsible for the development of the eating disorder. It may be that running can prevent or control eating disorders. High achieving, disciplined, organized women with a history of an eating disorder may be attracted to long-distance running. The method of defining a case was based simply on the respondent replying affirmatively to the questions “Do you have a history or bulimia/” and/or “Do you have a history of anorexia nervosa?” This method of case definition is based on a history of such a disorder and does not necessarily reflect an active problem.
Martin Grosshans, Loeber Sabine, and Kiefer Falk in this article discuss the phenomenological and neurobiological similarities between over eating and substance dependence and newly found treatments for obesity. These new treatments focus on the comparisons of obesity to addictive behaviors. Grosshans, Sabine, and Falk highlight the psychotherapeutic treatment for obesity as an important aspect, in particular with the long term effects in maintaining weight loss and a healthier life style. Parallel to psychotherapeutic treatments for the drug dependence, it focuses on self-control strategies aiming for a healthier life style and group support.
Personality disorders are inflexible maladaptive personality traits that cause significant impairment of social and occupational functioning. Personality disorders can affec...
Gee, Rebecca, Telew, Nicholas. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and anorexia nervosa in a high school athlete: A case report. Journal of Athletic Training. 1999: 34:375-378
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa are two common eating disorders that seem to have evolved from societal pressures to be thin. The short video, “Dying to be thin and the two articles, Serpell 1999 Anorexia Nervosa and Serpell 2002 Bulimia Nervosa illustrate common themes that manifest from the disorder. These common themes have positive and negative reinforcers that led me to believe that the disorder has environmental, psychological and biological implication that impacts the individual core beliefs. I could also see that there is more to the disorder than just the desire to be thin.
Lutz, R. S., Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Bartholomew, J. B. (2010). Exercise caution when stressed: Stages of change and the stress- exercise participation relationship. Psycology of Sport and Exercise, 11, 560-567.
Yigiter, K. (2014). The effects of participants in regular exercise on self-esteem and hopelessness of female university students. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 42(8), 1233-1243.
Anorexia Athletica, also known as Hypergymnasia or Compulsive Exercising, is an eating disorder and mental health issue. It is a disorder characterized by excessive and obsessive need for exercise. This need for exercise is usually paired with a dangerous diet method, such as restricting calorie and fat intake. This could lead to malnutrition and therefore develop into more serious health problems, for instance decreased bone density and osteoporosis, menstrual irregularities and low energy availability. (Lein, 2013)
Anorexia nervosa is a disease in where a person drastically restricts their caloric intake to practically nothing as a method of weight control. They often view themselves in a heavier distorted version as well as fear of gaining weight. Those that are living with anorexia develop eating rituals along with excessive exercise. Their personality consist of being rigid, anxious, perfectionist, and obsessed with order. The key word, in my opinion, is perfectionist, they set high standards for themselves that it literally becomes an obsession to maintain that standard such as restricted eating. This may be related to high sense of self efficacy since they believe they are capable in maintaining those standards set by themselves. Although, I also feel that they may also have a weak sense of self-efficacy since they anticipate the fear of gaining weight. This envision of what they would consider the worst fear is similar to how the cognitive process of self-efficacy is invoked. Personally, I feel that anorexia nervosa may be associated to a combination of both strong and weak self-efficacy, but there does not seem to be any research supporting this theory. Perhaps this may be a possible area in future research in diagnosing an eating
healthy is a major component in ones’ overall wellbeing, more so mentally, but being healthy