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Cause and effect topic
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1. When explaining behaviour, the levels-of-analysis approach considers the _________, ___________, and _________ perspectives. A. pre-event; event; post-event B. antecedent; behavioural; consequential C. biological; psychological; environmental D. developmental; biological; humanistic 2. The synapse is a: A. location in the neuron where neurotransmitters are packaged into vesicles. B. tiny area on the tip of the dendrite of the next neuron. C. large area where neurotransmitters are released. D. tiny gap between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite of the next neuron. 3. A hypothesis is best considered as a(n): A. tentative explanation or prediction about some phenomenon. B. attempt to explain something after it has already occurred. C. set of formal statements that explain how certain events are related to one …show more content…
directly observable behaviours and internal states and processes. 16. When the researcher observes behaviour as it occurs in a normal or typical setting, she is using _______________. A. survey research B. a case study C. correlational research D. naturalistic observation 17. The all-or-none law of neural conduction suggests that: A. all neurons have action potential thresholds but none of them are the same threshold. B. if the action potential threshold is just met, a weak action potential will occur whereas if the action potential threshold is exceeded, a more intense action potential will occur. C. once the action potential threshold is met an action potential of uniform and maximum intensity occurs. D. once an action potential has occurred the neuron will either take all or none of the refractory period time before firing another action potential. 18. A neuron sends an action potential to the muscle that contracts your eyelid. This neuron would be classified as a(n) __________________ neuron. A. excitatory B. action C. sensory D. motor 19. The nucleus of the neuron and the biochemical structures needed for cell survival are contained in
Action potentials in neurons are facilitated by neurotransmitters released from the terminal button of the presynaptic neuron into the synaptic gap where the neurotransmitter binds with receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron. Dopamine (DA) is released into the synaptic gap exciting the neighboring neuron, and is then reabsorbed into the neuron of origin through dopamine transporter...
d. Na+ gates close, and potassium gates fully open. K+ rush out of the cell according to the dictates of diffusion.
Neurons dispatch signals to other cells through thin fibers called axons, that cause chemicals acknowledged as neurotransmitters to be released at junctions identified as synapses. A synapse gives a command to the cell and the entire communication process typically takes only a fraction of a millisecond.
The brain is part of the central nervous system, which consists of neurons and glia. Neurons which are the excitable nerve cells of the nervous system that conduct electrical impulses, or signals, that serve as communication between the brain, sensory receptors, muscles, and spinal cord. In order to achieve rapid communication over a long distance, neurons have developed a special ability for sending electrical signals, called action potentials, along axons. The way in which the cell body of a neuron communicates with its own terminals via the axon is called conduction. In order for conduction to occur, an action potential which is an electrical signal that occurs in a neuron due to ions moving across the neuronal membrane which results in depolarization of a neuron, is to be generated near the cell body area of the axon. Wh...
The occurrence of action potential is a very short process. When action potential occurs in the neuron the sodium channels open along the axon and sodium comes in. Because the sodium is positive it make the inside of the axon positive. When both the inside and outside are comparative in charge the sodium storms rushing in and starts the depolarization of the action potential. After this happens the sodium channels begin to close and the potassium channels begin to ...
Kandel, E. R., J. H. Schwarz, and T. M. Jessel. Principles of Neural Science. 3rd ed. Elsevier. New York: 1991.
B. the more stressful an experience is, the more quickly it will be consciously forgotten.
Neurons are the cells that create brain activity, passing chemical and electric signals from on...
Transmission of action potentials from one neuron to the next involves the release of neurotransmitters from a presynaptic neuron to postsynaptic neurons across a synaptic g...
The neuron has two important structures called the dendrite and axon, also called nerve fibers. The dendrites are like tentacles that sprout from the cell and the axon is one long extension of the cell. The dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon sends impulses to other neurons. Axons can extend to more than a meter long. Average sized neurons have hundreds of dendrites; therefore it can receive thousands of signals simultaneously from other neurons. The neuron sends impulses by connection the axon to the dendrites of another nerve cell. The synapse is a gap between the axon and the adjacent neuron, which is where data is transmitted from one neuron to another. The neuron is negatively charged and it bathes in fluids that contain positively charged potassium and sodium ions. The membrane of the neuron holds negatively charged protein molecules. The neuron has pores called ion channels to allow sodium ions to pass into the membrane, but prevent the protein molecules from escaping (potassium ions can freely pass through the membrane since the ion channels mostly restrict sodium ions). When a neuron is stimulated (not at rest), the pores open and the sodium ions rush in because of its attraction to the negatively charged protein molecules, which makes the cell positively charged. As a result, potential energy is released and the neurons send electrical impulses through the axon until the impulse reaches the synapse of any neurons near it.
B. Has a hard time moving in spaces, especially if its crowded like a mall or an airport. Will run into people or objects.
In their inactive state neurons have a negative potential, called the resting membrane potential. Action potentials changes the transmembrane potential from negative to positive. Action potentials are carried along axons, and are the basis for "information transportation" from one cell in the nervous system to another. Other types of electrical signals are possible, but we'll focus on action potentials. These electrical signals arise from ion fluxes produced by nerve cell membranes that are selectively permeable to different ions.
Synaptic transmission is the process of the communication of neurons. Communication between neurons and communication between neuron and muscle occurs at a specialized junction called synapses. The most common type of synapse is the chemical synapse. Synaptic transmission begins when the nerve impulse or action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal. The action potential causes depolarization of the presynaptic membrane and it will initiate the sequence of events leading to release the neurotransmitter and then, the neurotransmitter attaches to the receptor at the postsynaptic membrane and it will lead to the activation of the postsynaptic membrane and continue to send the impulse to other neurons or sending the signal to the muscle for contraction (Breedlove, Watson, & Rosenzweig, 2012; Barnes, 2013).
B. If a cat’s tail is held still, but the tip is twitching the cat is irritated.
B. i ask that you should think about these precautions and take them into thought