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Recommended: Logical fallacies
Logical fallacies. A logical fallacy is dependent on flawed logic. The connection to the 2016 election is one of the Democratic Party candidates, Bernie Sanders. Sanders uses a faulty comparison for his free college plan. He compares countries like Sweden and America to develop his plan, but the countries are very different and this comparison is inaccurate and misleading. He should be using countries like Europe to compare to America because they have more in common. Sander’s believes that in a developing country such as America, education should be a right for everyone no matter their social class. However, his logic is flawed because he is basing his logic off of countries like Sweden whose population consists of 9 million while the United …show more content…
An ethical fallacy makes it so that someone’s authority gives them some type of credibility. The connection to the 2016 election is to Donald Trump who is currently the Republican front runner for the presidential race. Trump often uses the guilty by association under the ethical fallacies to back up his claims. He often generalizes immigrant’s legal or not because of past events that have affected Americans poorly. Earlier this year, Trump made a comment about letting any immigrants from another country into Americas boarders, and how if they are let in more terrorist attacks will happen. However, after the tragic attack in San Bernardino, California he says, “A total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States” (Huffington Post Donald Trump). With statements like these, he is generalizing Muslim immigrants into being potential terrorist, and if he had his way he would be robbing people from their dreams of staring a new life away from the violence. The people who have no affiliation with a terrorist group are being punished for something that is out of their control and when they try to take control of their situation, they cannot because they are thought to be terrorist and makes them guilty by
Bernie Sanders, current candidate for the President of the United States, Democratic party affiliation, believes that all students deserve the opportunity to receive an affordable, quality education from the earliest stages of schooling to high-level degrees. He has sponsored bills to make public colleges and universities tuition-free, as well as to drastically reduce interest rates on student loan debt.
It is very common among the United States’ political sphere to rely heavily on T.V. commercials during election season; this is after all the most effective way to spread a message to millions of voters in order to gain their support. The presidential election of 2008 was not the exception; candidates and interest groups spent 2.6 billion dollars on advertising that year from which 2 billion were used exclusively for broadcast television (Seelye 2008.) Although the effectiveness of these advertisements is relatively small compared to the money spent on them (Liasson 2012), it is important for American voters to think critically about the information and arguments presented by these ads. An analysis of the rhetoric in four of the political campaign commercials of the 2008 presidential election reveals the different informal fallacies utilized to gain support for one of the candidates or misguide the public about the opposing candidate.
Donald Trump posted a YouTube video offering President Obama $5 million dollars to produce his collegiate records and individual passport application (O’Connor, C., 2012). When contacted by Forbes magazine in response to this offer, Trump professed that the offer was extended due to the voters knowing so very little about the president’s personal background. Further stating, his motives were in the best interest of President Obama based on the current state of suspicion surrounding his presidency and this would all questions to rest (O’Connor, C., 2012). This is an example of the ad hominem reasoning fallacy and how the persuader focuses on personally attacking the individual (Larson, C., 2013, p. 245). The statements called president’s background and character into question. The objective of persuader was to further discredit the president in the upcoming 2012 presidential election. The response of the president and White House was predictable based on the oppositional views and past responses to other similar claims and requests (Larson, C., 2013, p. 245). Donald Trump committed an ad hominem when he launched a character assassination of President Obama by introducing meaningless perceptions of character flaws in an attempt to divert votes as well as bring attention to his upcoming show (O’Connor, C., 2012).
Many Americans are seeking an ideal presidential candidate for our next election; furthermore, many college students seek a candidate that has their best interest in mind, leading many to focus on Bernie Sanders and his ideas for an affordable education system. In the article, The Myth of the Student Loan Crisis, Nicole Allan and Derek Thomas focus the article on the risky investments of college and questioning the rising debt levels as a national crisis. While Allan and Davis claim the risk of college and mention rising debt levels as a national crisis; however, Allan and Davis use charts to support their stance while avoiding the issues Americans need to focus on, such as the rising cost of college, “justifiable debt”, and the cost of those not contributing to society.
How does a society become socially free and have equal opportunity for all its citizens? According to the conventional democratic American belief, all people should be granted the same educational opportunities so that everyone has the fair chance to succeed in society. However, in William A. Henry's essay, "In Defense of Elitism," he argues for the archaic belief that society should limit higher educational opportunities because most people do not have the capability to compete in college. Henry wants to scale back the number of college students in America to an accomplished few. As such, Henry contends that the educational standards will ultimately rise, which will make college more prestigious. Upon inspection though, Henry's views and beliefs are rendered false because his evidence is exaggerated, distorted and inappropriately compared and contrasted to support his claims. In reality, Henry's beliefs clash with America's true intentions for a democratic society, which are depicted in Benjamin R. Barber's essay, "America Skips School."
In this editorial from the Citizen-times, we are considering some issues about Iran and their uranium enrichment program. The foreign minister of Iran said that it would be against the ‘ways of Islamic thinking’ to produce weapons of mass destruction. Well, it should be against anyone’s ways of thinking to produce weapons of mass destruction. There are only a few reasons to make uranium, and most of them have to do with the making of explosives and types of weapons that create havoc and mayhem. So I’d have to say that one of the logical fallacies in this passage has to do with the foreign minister of Iran tiring to get us to believe that just because it’s ’against Islamic ways of thinking’, I’d have to say he needs to give us a little more information than that. Iran keeps tiring to tell us that the nuclear activities are peaceful. If I am correct, and I believe that I am, that anything to do with nuclear ‘activities’ probably wouldn’t fall into the peaceful category. I’m not too sure about the quote, “ Foreign Minister Kamel Kharrazi told reporters. "Iran is a promoter of the elimination of nuclear weapons around the world and, based on our ideology, on our Islamic thinking, it is forbidden to produce and use nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction." I think that I’d have to label this as a logical fallacy. Some of this quote might be true, but if anything, I think that Iran is just trying to get us to believe them so we will get off their case. They have had weapons of mass destruction before, so why wouldn’t they have them again? Although Iran keeps trying to convince us of this, the state of this nation still is convinced by mister Bush that Iran is ’’the world’s primary state in sponsoring of terror’’. I don’t really know how true this statement is, but I’m pretty sure that Bush is proposing a logical fallacy here when he says this.
Politics and business influence have been a long term problem for the establishment of a free and fair education opportunity. America has been called ?the melting pot? of the world, meaning that within the nation live such an abundance of individuals from different aspects of life. Within the world, we find some societies less fortunate than other societies. Economic diversity is present within the United States as well. It is commonly understood that the wealthy are becoming better educated than the poor, and similarly that the wealthy have a better chance to survive in the economic growth of today?s society.
In contrast, the Republican Party’s position is that a more expansive government creates waste and inefficiency. Consequently, Republicans have a laissez faire libertarian policy towards the economy, as they believe Democratic policies constrict businesses, which thwarts innovation and job growth. For example, Republicans oppose increasing tax rates for the upper class. In addition, Republicans support tax cuts for everyone, including the wealthy. Democrats, by contrast, support progressive taxes, which is the current tax bracket system in which higher income individuals pay taxes at a higher rate. While Republicans oppose raising the minimum wage, stating that this would cause businesses to move overseas or hire less people, Democrats believe that increasing the minimum wage would stimulate the economy by redistributing money among the lower and middle classes. Another way that the two parties differ is that Democrats are more likely to support government funding of college tuition. This was shown in the 2016 Election cycle, when Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders rallied for making college more affordable to everyone. However, many people, particularly Republicans, say this is simply not realistic. These differences between Republicans and Democrats contribute to the Democratic party having more popularity with poor voters, with the exception of poor white voters. This demographic chasm interlaces with the two parties’ differing stances on civil liberties and other issues surrounding identity politics (politics based on the race, gender, etc. of
First example is several of the presidential candidate Donald Trump where he oversimplify an opponent point of view then attacks that weak hollow argument that he created. Another example, which happens a lot on many different levels, when someone generalize a characteristic for a whole group of people, racially or religiously, in simpler words “stereo typing”, which as matter of fact another fallacy that our fierce presidential candidate Donald Trump commits on regular basis. A fallacy that we experience on daily basis is “everyone is doing this and that’s why I do the same” that’s a very common fallacy that we don’t only experience we usually are the abusers too. A final example to illustrate more on fallacies is not getting to the point in a discussion or avoiding the point by changing the
While people deal with everyday life, a plethora of events is occurring throughout the day. Most people usually do a multitude of actions to resolve these events without thinking as well. This can be anything from trying to get to class as soon as possible, talking to someone that recently was introduced, or doing a kind of tradition at a football game. Cognitive Biases is defined as a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. This article will talk about a small sample of these situations and clarify what the meaning behind them. It shall discuss Negativity Bias, Confirmation Bias, Gamblers Fallacy, and Illusion of Control
1.) The practical syllogism (the theory that humans should know what is morally right in the universal-[circumstances in a general sense] and particular-[circumstances in a detailed sense]) relates to concepts such as synderesis (The basic knowledge of the universal/i.e. Love your neighbor as yourself, can also be called the primary precepts. Also knowledge of the principles of morality, i.e. The Ten Commandments can also be called the “secondary immediate precepts”, and the secondary common precepts i.e. Give lost items to proper owner), conscience (applies the knowledge from synderesis to particular situations), character (The unity of virtue/ the deliberations, decisions and action someone makes is based on what their character is), and
In Cervantes’s novel, Don Quixote, the knight Don Quixote de la Mancha and his squire Sancho Panza accompany a group of shepherds to a funeral. A fellow shepherd by the name of Grisóstomo passed away from a broken heart because his love for the Marcela was unrequited. Don Quixote hears that the shepherds admire and scorn Marcela’s beauty and they compare it to the plague because it brings men to despair. On the funeral day, Marcela addresses the shepherds for blaming her for Grisóstomo’s death and gives Don Quixote more insight to the situation. According to Being Logical, fallacies in an argument occur when structural and/or logical mistakes are present. Although neither side follows the forms present in Being Logical
In their essay, ‘The Intentional Fallacy’ (1946), William K. Wimsatt Jr. and Monroe C. Beardsley, two of the most eminent figures of the New Criticism school of thought of Literary Criticism, argue that the ‘intention’ of the author is not a necessary factor in the reading of a text.
Many problems affect our society, and each problem presents us with different challenges and obstacles. The most prevalent of these problems are crime, poverty, and poor education. Collectively, society looks toward the government to intervene and find a solution to these problems. This is easily illustrated by reflecting back to our last presidential election. The two candidates, George Bush and Al Gore, gave their views and outlined the agendas they hoped to implement in order to resolve society’s problems. Mr. Gore proposed that we give more economic relief to individuals to increase their economic status, thereby reducing the need for crime and providing more opportunity for enhanced education. This belief asserts a social agenda in which the government plays a paternal role to aid society. George Bush’s ideas revolve around the underlying premise that people should have more responsibility for the actions they take and a greater ability to make decisions individually, in order to lessen the burden on society. His beliefs assert an individualistic approach that relies on a person to make their own decisions to resolve societal problems. One can argue for or against each philosophy and give sound reasons for each view. This issue raises a great debate among the people of this nation, which is proven by the fact that the last presidential election was the closest in history.