The theme of the past is a key aspect of 'Beloved' and the 'Selected Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar' as the narrators, in both texts, have a nostalgic perception of the many years that have passed, whether the memories are pleasant or grim they are reflected upon with – at the very least – a hint of admiration alongside a deep longing to return to the past. Similarly, in Arthur Miller's 'Death of a Salesman', the tragic hero, Willy Loman, is also constantly drifting back into the past to when his sons were ambitious young men and he was a successful businessman. 'Beloved' was set after the American Civil War in 1873, where many black people were heavily mistreated and suffered long and gruelling years of slavery. The novel was written in 1987, …show more content…
Likewise, Paul D confined his emotions and memories of his sufferings into the 'tobacco tin lodged in his chest' which was so tightly 'rusted' shut that nothing 'could pry it open'. Morrison uses this metaphor to describe what Paul D's 'red heart' decayed into; an old rusty tobacco tin is not of interest to anyone and the fact that it was ‘lodged’ into place conveys that as the heart was failing, anything else that was lying around was carelessly shoved in its place. This portrays how no one, including himself, cared about what he was holding onto – whether he was emotionally scarred or not, was of nobody's concern – as the expectation of the time was to just deal with what you had to endure and get on with life with what you had, or decline into madness like Halle, Aunt Phyllis, and Jackson Till; who all turned mad and underwent, according to a critic, ‘A complete loss of self’. The tobacco tin could also play a part in a metaphor; like burning the trapped contents of the rusty box, Paul D smoulders the memories he has until they are hazy like the smoke from the tobacco – the intention is to make the harsh memories less painful to reflect upon or easier to escape from. In contrary, the rhyme scheme of ‘A Drowsy Day’ is ABCCBA, which portrays how the narrator is constantly trapped in their own …show more content…
The poem is centred on a man who sombrely wishes he could go back in time questioning 'could events be changed?' The man is left with a mixture of sweet and tragic memories, recalling how he felt at each moment in time and describes them as 'not so joyous' for reflecting upon them only brings him 'pain' and 'grief' whereas when he was living the moment, he was elated with happiness. The narrator is used to portray the regret and yearning to make amends in the past with the woman whom he loved and ended up losing due to fame – this may reflect Paul Laurence Dunbar’s relationship with his wife whom he divorced in 1902. However, this is also a depiction of human nature and how almost everyone wishes things had turned out differently in their life as everyone longs to go back and alter their mistakes, but these wishes are in 'vain' as whatever hopes and dreams – in the context of ‘Beloved’ it would be wishes of freedom and lost loved ones – they have at the time 'may not be' the same anymore. Similarly in 'Death of a Salesman', Biff longs to have done more studying in high school so he wouldn't have 'flunked' his maths test, thus tarnishing his chances of entering university. All three writers use their characters to show the audience that they should make the most of their opportunities or they will spend the rest of their years
The poem, “My Great-Grandfather’s Slaves” by Wendell Berry, illustrates the guilt felt for the sins of a man’s ancestors. The poem details the horror for the speaker’s ancestors involvement in slavery and transitions from sympathy for the slaves to feeling enslaved by his guilt. Berry uses anaphora, motif, and irony, to express the speaker’s guilt and provide a powerful atmosphere to the poem.
Many writers begin writing and showing literary talent when they are young. Paul Laurence Dunbar, born and raised in Dayton, Ohio, was already editor of a newspaper and had had two of his poems published in the local newspaper before he’d graduated from high school. His classmate, Orville Wright, printed The Tattler which Dunbar edited and published for the local African American community. After graduating from high school, he was forced to get a job as an elevator operator which allowed him spare time for writing. He finally gained recognition outside of Dayton when, in 1892, he was invited to address the Western Association of Writers and met James Newton Matthews who praised his work in a letter to an Illinois newspaper. In 1892, he decided to publish his first book of poems entitled Oak and Ivy and four years later his second book of poems Majors and Minors was published. People began to see him as a symbol for his race, and he was thought of artistically as “a happy-go-lucky, singing, shuffling, banjo-picking being… in a log cabin amid fields of cotton” (Dunbar, AAW 2). Dunbar’s poems, written alternately in literary and dialect English, are about love, death, music, laughter, human frailty, and though Dunbar tried to mute themes of social protest, social commentary on racial themes is present in his poetry.
Within the drama, Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, the Lowman family is presented within the post war economy trying to achieve the American Dream. The father, Willy Lowman, represents a well-off salesman that demonstrates a persistent husband and father figure throughout the late 1940s and early 1950’s. Throughout this piece, Willy desires for his two sons, Biff and Happy, to follow in his footsteps as a salesman and to represent themselves throughout the economic decline. Throughout the storyline, Miller demonstrates the theme of success and failure, the representation of a tragic hero and the symbolism of seeds.
Frances E.W. Harper and James Whitfield are two of the most influential anti-slavery poets of all time. Both individuals use poetry as a form of resistance and as a way to express themselves during a time of great racial tension. Their poems reach out to many different audiences, shedding light on racial injustices that were present in America. Harper’s and Whitfield’s poetry, like many other works that were written during this time, help us to better comprehend the effects of slavery on African Americans.
Paul Lawrence Dunbar born June 27, 1872 in Dayton Ohio. Dunbar mother was a laundress and his father a former slave, soldier and plasterer. As a student Dunbar was the only black in his senior class, nevertheless he was still nominated President of the class. During adulthood Dunbar eloped with Alice Ruth Moore who was a teacher. Dunbar had no children. As editor of his own newspaper “Dayton Tattler” his writing inspiration surface. Many of his family experiences of slave and plantation life influenced Dunbar later writing. There was often controversy about Dunbar dialect poetry, it was said to cruelty misread black history, and it was written for white audience. Before his death on February 9, 1906 Dunbar was considered influential because his poetry influence Harlem Renaissance writers such as James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes and Claude Mckay.
The Poet by Paul Laurence Dunbar Before we pass on from this world, it would be nice if we had left our mark, given our contribution, made our claim in the history of human civilization. Wouldn't it be wonderful to achieve such a goal? Wouldn't it be horrible to have attained that level of recognition and yet be recognized for things you deemed inferior? In the poem "The Poet", Paul Laurence Dunbar expresses his remorse at having written superior Standard English literature and yet only be known and praised for his Dialect works. The first way Dunbar achieves this meaning is through his use of language.
The purpose of this essay is to clearly acknowledge similarities as well as differences amongst two great writers: Phyllis Wheatley and Paul L. Dunbar. Wheatley and Dunbar were two brilliant African American writers born of two different centuries. Both began writing at an early age and were seen as black child prodigies of their times.
The cast. Slavery in the civil war and the African American struggle throughout history influences Beloved’s author throughout her works. Born in Lorain, Ohio on February 18, 1931, Chloe Anthony Wofford became one of the most influential and inspiring authors of the century. The second child of four, Chloe was extremely independent and eventually changed her name to Toni. After leaving home, she attended Howard University and Cornell University where she earned a Bachelor of Arts Degree in English and a Master of Arts Degree, respectively. Marrying Harold Morrison in 1958 brought great joy to Morrison, but they divorced in 1964. From that relationship, she was blessed with two beautiful children, Harold and Slade. She often uses her sons’ names in her works, such as Harold’s in Beloved. Morrison has written 7 novels, including The Bluest Eye, Beloved, and her last novel to date, Love. The Pulitzer Prize was awarded to Morrison for Beloved, as well as the Anisfield-Wolf book Award in Race Relations in 1988. Morrison also received the American Book Award in 1988 making Beloved one of her most decorated novels. Breaking many barriers in the art field, the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature was bestowed on Morrison. This established her as the first African American to win the Award. Beloved is her most acknowledged novel across the country, and was rated one of the New York Times best novels of the past 25 years.
One pattern that is easily identified is that of religiosity. The mission of this poem was to reminds the slaves that God would free them one day, just like he did the Israelites. However, in order for a slave to believe that, he or she needed to have a belief in something greater than his or her current situation. Yet, they could not be impatient with this belief and think that it was coming soon. In “An Ante-bellum Sermon,” Dunbar tells his audience “Don’t you git to brigity;/An’ don’t you git to braggin’/Bout dese things, you wait an’ see.” If a poem was spoken like this during slavery, it would be sure to prompt the slaves not take their freedom into their own hands. Therefore, throughout the poem Dunbar is consistently reminding them that they will have to suffer first in order to one day gain their humanity and freedom. With an understanding of these Black Arts patterns, the mission of the poem is
To continue, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Maya Angelou, and Alicia Keys have utilized various forms of literary devices in their works to fully explain and emphasize their main theme and opinions. For example, in Dunbar’s poem, ‘Sympathy,’ there is a strong use of metaphors, which is a phrase or word that represents another object or idea that it would not normally be related to. In the poem, the author uses a caged bird to somewhat symbolize racially oppressed African Americans in the 1800s. The poem includes, “I know why the caged bird sings, ah me…” “When he beats his bars and he would be free; It is not a carol of joy or glee, But a prayer that he sends from his heart’s deep core…” By using the symbol of the caged bird in the poem, the author
Paul Dunbar was born into a tough life from the beginning. His parents were slaves and shortly they separated after his birth but this helped Dunbar later on in his career because Dunbar would draw stories from their plantation life (Paul Poetry Foundation). He had to grow up without two parents and had to tough it out on his own. Dunbar also was financially unable to attend college and eventually moved to Chicago and befriended Frederick Douglass (Paul Poetry Foundation np). These events affected his life by not allowing Dunbar to attend college and sharpen his writing skills and Douglass helped him gain more reputation. Dunbar challenged the literary world by trying to make them read within the words and not just read the words. He fought slavery through his poetry and always referred to people as “we” and never “I”. This is important because Dunbar wanted to stand up for the whole black community and it is important he inspired so many people to read his poems. Dunbar impacted modernism by writing some o...
In the novel there were many events that showed how the African Americans were in this time period. One of them being the court case of Tom Robinson, who was put under arrest for raping a white girl. Even though the white girl was the one coming on to him this resulted in her father walking in on them and hitting his daughter. Know this should have ended with the girl getting in trouble, but that was not the case in this time period it was a white man word versus a black man word and in this time a black man’s word was worth less than a dime. This was also shared in some level in the poem, this mask that it says African Americans had to wear to hide there pain and sorrow is the same thing that Tom Robinson had to do when facing life in jail, blacks had no choice they knew their fate in the hands of the
Laurence Dunbar's "Ship That Pass In The Night" is a cry for opportunity for all men, regardless of race. Dunbar's poem directly parallels a passage from Frederick Douglass' autobiography that gives an account of his life as a slave. Both Douglass and Dunbar look out at the ships that sail by and see hopes for societal changes. Although they both sought change, their aspirations were quite different. Frederick Douglass watched the ships from ashore, wishing for freedom and for slavery to be abolished. Paul Laurence Dunbar on the other hand was already a free man. He was on a ship, still more of an opportunity than Douglass had, yet he was still in search for new opportunities for African Americans. The new opportunities that he seeks are upon a ship somewhere sailing in the dark night and keep passing him by.
The civil rights movement may have technically ended in the nineteen sixties, but America is still feeling the adverse effects of this dark time in history today. African Americans were the group of people most affected by the Civil Rights Act and continue to be today. Great pain and suffering, though, usually amounts to great literature. This period in American history was no exception. Langston Hughes was a prolific writer before, during, and after the Civil Rights Act and produced many classic poems for African American literature. Hughes uses theme, point of view, and historical context in his poems “I, Too” and “Theme for English B” to expand the views on African American culture to his audience members.
Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman is a story about the dark side of the "American Dream". Willy Loman's obsession with the dream directly causes his failure in life, which, in turn, leads to his eventual suicide. The pursuit of the dream also destroys the lives of Willy's family, as well. Through the Lomans, Arthur Miller attempts to create a typical American family of the time, and, in doing so, the reader can relate to the crises that the family is faced with and realize that everyone has problems.