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Essay in ergonomics
Essay in ergonomics
Essay on ergonomics in the work place
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1. Evolution of Time Studies I. Initiation of Time Studies Fredrick W. Taylor’s body of work on time studies to improve manufacturing efficiency was so advanced, he is considered to be the father of time studies. Although he did not invent time studies, he promoted the idea of scientific management for the manufacturing industry in the early 1900s. The use of time studies can be traced back to 1760 when Jean Rodolphe Perronet, a French engineer, conducted an extensive time study on the manufacturing of No. 6 common pins. Perronet establish the standard of making 494 pins per hour (2.0243 hours/ 1000 pins). Later in 1820, Charles W. Babbage, an English economist, performed a time study on the manufacturing of No. 11 common pins. Babbage concluded that 5,546 pins should be made in 7.6892 hours (1.386 hours/ 1000 pins). Babbage published his book “On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures” in 1832 (Niebel, Freivalds 2014). In 1881, Taylor (pictured below) started his time study efforts. Taylor’s journey to this point was unusual. He came from a wealthy family and had chance to attend Harvard University, but instead started as an apprentice at a machine shop. Later he began his career at Midvale Steel Works as a laborer, and moved up to time clerk, journeyman, lathe operator, gang boss, and foreman of the machine shop. During this time Taylor became interested in the proper method to do the certain jobs and what was considered a fair day’s work for the men under his supervision. He also studied at night and obtained a mechanical engineering degree at this time. (Barnes, 1963) It took 12 years to perfect his system. His system was based on tasks and that each worker’s assignments should be pre-planned by management. Each job shoul... ... middle of paper ... ... The use of work sampling can supplement the use of time studies and save time and resources. Human factors have had a tremendous influence on work design. Ergonomics plays a major role in the ways industrial engineers design the work to fit the human operators. In doing so, they can elevate the worker’s well-being and the entire system performance. A time study is still a useful tool with the goal of increasing efficiency that should include the additional objective of providing a safe and healthy work environment. (Muchinsky 2009) Additional References: Karger, Delmar W. (1987). Engineered Work Measurement. New York, NY: Industrial Press, www.mtm.org./index.asp Nicholas, John, Soni, Avi. (2006). The Portal to Lean Production. Boca Raton, NY: Auerach Publications. Muchinsky, Paul M. (2009). Psychology Applied to Work. Summerfield, NC: Hypergraphic Press Inc.
Hollar, Sherman. Pioneers of the Industrial Age: Breakthroughs in Technology. New York: Britannica Educational Pub. in Association with Rosen Educational Services, 2013. Web.
The field of ergonomics stresses the idea of designing the perfect product for people so that whenever the people interact with the product, they are having a beneficial experience and their health and safety is protected by the shape and design of the product. Not only is ergonomics focused on protecting the body, it is also focused on protecting the cognitive abilities (the mind). Therefore, companies should all have ergonomic or human factor departments within their organizations so that the products that they manufacture can have a design that is safe for both the body and mind. This will make their products much more desirable and their companies more competitive in the overall market. Ergonomics has also been proven to increase user satisfaction and reduce insurance claims in work-related injuries. There is a general reduction in work-related injuries because the products being used by employees are safer and healthier. They do not risk that physical health of the employee like regular products might. With ergonomic products, workers are also more productive, efficient, and overall happier when using them.
Proper ergonomic conditions prevent injuries to workers and allow them to work efficiently. Ergonomics reduces costs. Workers that do not have a good ergonomic workspace can suffer from pain and uncomfortable posture which is dealt with money spent on treatment. In Canada $800 000 000 per year goes to ergonomic related injuries. Appropriate ergonomic workspaces create an anti-injury space for workers. Ergonomics also increases worker’s productivity by designing a work place with good posture, good heights, fewer motions, and less exertion. Thus making the workspace more efficient for the worker. Ergonomics also
Lean manufacturing refers to systematic identification and elimination of waste through CI processes in pursuit of perfection (Khan et al. 2013; Yang & Yang 2013). Lean production is now used worldwide in manufacturing plants to eliminate waste from all ar...
If you were told to believe a side of an argument that did not have majority of evidence points on its side, would you? The theories of evolution, creation and intelligent design have been a debated controversy for years and years. These three theories have three different ideas. The theory that creationists have is to believe that concept and design require a Creator. Creationists usually tend to believe that each organism is created as a single and distinct organism. Evolutionists tend to believe that all life started from single celled organisms. They believe that these single celled organisms are part of a continuing evolution over a very long period of time and that this evolution results in the development of new varieties and different species. People who believe in intelligent design believe in the theory that the universe cannot have arisen by chance and was designed and created by some intelligent entity. Evolution is the theory that is most probable because of the fossil record, similarities in all organisms and genetic changes in a population over time.
Growing up witnessing his mother work as a waitress, Rose grew to appreciate the skills of physical work from a young age and in his essay takes this appreciation a step further by analyzing the knowledge required of blue-collar workers. First he references his mother’s ability to balance trays on her arm while holding coffee, having knowledge of how to position her body or to remember where each plate should be sat. He also references her ability to multitask, or “make every move count”, and how her mind was constantly at work thinking how to add task together to make sure the needs all her customers were met (281). He also cites the similar traits shared by his Uncle Joe. Joe worked as the foreman at General Motors, a quick paced environment as mentally taxing as family restaurant. Rose tells how his uncle “constantly faced new problems and became a consummate multitasker, evaluating a flurry of demands quickly, parceling out physical and mental resources” (282). His uncle learned to solve any problem, and even found areas in the shop where improvements could be made. Because of his experience, Joe was not only able to innovate the nozzle for spray painting cares but also began using shift rotation on the floor to ease the stress of factory workers (282-283). By adding his uncle’s experience, Rose is able to provide a more detailed explanation
Since the early Paleolithic period, civilizations have gone through many changes, including the way in which people find their food and the way they settled and live. This change shifted through the Paleolithic period all the way through the Agrarian Revolution. Changes included civilizations shifting from a nomadic type of people to a settled, farming people in the Agrarian Revolution. These changes took place from about 2.5 million years ago, or the beginning of what is called the Paleolithic Period, all the way to some of the first societies. The main thing that was changed was the way in which people found their food and where they settled. These changes brought forth new techniques and new tools to use. These tools and techniques
Taylor's initial experiments were aimed at determining, how much work a "first-class man" could perform. It was Taylor's goal to collect raw data about the jobs in the workp...
As all people know it is the nature of human beings to disagree with each other, in cases such as evolution being able to coexist with religion, people almost always have different opinions. Evolution argues that all organisms that once lived or that are still alive on earth today share were descendent from the same common ancestor. The concept of religion and evolution is a topic that is being spoken about worldwide. People either oppose the idea of evolution and religion can coexist or they either support it. Usually, the strict religious people are the ones who oppose the idea because they believe it is against their faith. Others on the other hand, may not believe in neither but they believe that in order to be a scientist and believe in evolution, you must be an atheist. An atheist is a person who does not believe in God. Evolution and religion are seen to be incompatible by many people however; some people believe they can coexist.
Office ergonomics was developed in a bid to better the already good working environment (Lauren, 2006). This helps individuals operating machines give their best job results as well as maximizing production. As production is increased, risks of injury are greatly red...
Long working hours continue to be one of the largest health concerns in the world. Currently, the world population has become so busy due to the pressure from harsh economic conditions. People are therefore spending long working hours in the workplace, which is an aspect that has negative impact on their health conditions. Statistics from Working Condition Survey indicates that approximately 30% of workers residing in European Union believe that their health is at risk due to the hours they spent in the workplace (Gurung, 2010:16)
Timekeeping has been an integral part of life ever since humans stepped foot on the earth. Once humans realized the difference between night and day, moon phases were used to determine months, changing seasons and record years. Soon humans realized the connection of time with the sun’s position and started using shadows to keep time thus creating the sundial, used foremost by the Egyptians and Greeks. As life become more complex, so did the need to keep time accurately. Initially, the mechanical clock was invented in 1000 AD. We then graduated to using celestial time and finally the atomic clocks were invented in 1967. These atomic clocks are so efficient that they make other methods of timekeeping seem redundant. Thus we have come a long way in timekeeping and I strongly believe that continuing to use the earth’s rotation around the sun as a method of timekeeping would mean ignoring the advances made in timekeeping over the course of history and moving further back into the past.
Frederick Taylor thought that changes in the work process and/or rules would advance efficiency and productivity. He originated the scientific management approach in public administration. It was based on the idea that work processes should be observed via experiments which would greatly improve productivity. It would do so by doing away with the rule of thumb work methods and replacing them with the results of actual timed observations (14). The application of the scientific approach to management methods would lead to optimizing task time by simplifying the job. It would mean observing work processes to find the one best way to perform each job (15). Once the best way was discovered, all employees were to use it. The simplification of the job would improve task time. This method would lead to increased productivity, higher wag...
As everyone knows, the history of human evolution originated from more than five million years ago (Pickrell, 2006). Human is the most intellective living being on the Earth, even in the developed universe. With the development of human being, the beginning of human started to be discovered. This essay will focus on the evolution history of human being. It will explain three most significant time slices of human evolution.
They outsourced and gave a quick training on project management for 50 employees (out of 300), some of which were place as part of the committee to create a project management methodology for the company. After two months of meetings, and mainly due to personal interests, three stage-gate models were created: information systems, new products/services provided, and one for acquiring new