In the 1950's, the idea of creating artworks and motion graphics through the use of computers seemed a little strange. Computers then were new and could only do what they had been programmed to do. The evolution of computer generated imagery has accordingly progressed with the evolution of the computer. A computer generated image or C.G.I. can be an already existing image which can be scanned into a computer or it can be an image or animation completely made within a computer by specially designed software. Once an image is scanned or uploaded into a computer, the image can be altered or moulded to suit a desired effect. The manipulated image can then be “combined with live-action footage and rescanned back onto film.”(Abbot, 2006) “The history of computer generated imagery began from work of military industrial teams, trying to use computer graphics for the purpose of simulation and technical instructions.”(Wells, 2006) The invention of colour photography and animation had the biggest impact on cinema until the arrival of computer generated imagery. It wasn’t one person who developed computer generated imagery. It was a combination of developments in the late 1950's and 1960's by pioneers John Whitney Sr., William Fetter, Ivan Sutherland, Ken Knowlton and Charles (Chuck) Csuri which made computer generated imagery an essential tool for film makers today. With new technological advances, computer generated imagery improved greatly. The aim of film makers is and always was to create moving images which appear as realistic as possible to convince the viewer that what they see is “reality”. The evolution of computer generate imagery followed three main routes simultaneously, 1. Industrial and Defense research 2. Academia 3. Spec... ... middle of paper ... ... 3) After Whitney got motion control set-up, “he produced a variety of innovative designs and metamorphoses of text and still images, which proved very successful in advertising and titling of commercial projects.” After establishing his company Motion Graphics Inc in 1960, he used his analog devices for the opening to the Hitchcock movie Vertigo in 1961. His company was focused on producing titles for film and television and was also used in graphics for commercials. During this time, Whitneys interest was always to use this technology as a form of art. He began a series of collaborations in art making that lasted for years.”(Wayne Carlson. 2003) In 1967, Whitney received funding from IBM to develop a vector graphics device as a tool for making art. This resulted in one of his most famous animations, Permutations in 1968.(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BzB31mD4NmA)
The intermix of a great literary work into a modern production is not a new concept, but the use of digital enhancement to carry a theme was unheard of prior to the making of this film. Both Director of Photography Roger Deakens, and Business Development Director Sarah Priestnall from Kodak, helped to explain that the digital process used is the modification of the film at the pixel level, in which the film is digitized frame by frame and each frame is color matched to allow for manipulation. The mastering process was done in the film developing...
During the 20th Century artists began to challenge art and question the foundations and boundaries of artistic techniques and approaches. The main challenge artist faced during this time was breaking the barrier of realism and moving to representative art. Although, the creation of the camera made this change even more difficult. With this technological advance, anyone could buy a camera and snap a shot of a specific moment in time, without having to recreate it by hand. This was a very attracting concept to most, but also another impulse for those artists who were trying to break the artistic boundaries.
Before speaking in full detail of the personal fondness that was acquired and progressed thought the series and the graphic details of it, it is important to address the technology that has made the motion picture possible. Computer Generated Imagery is defined as the “application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, commercials, and simulators”. In simpler terms computer generated imagery is used in different works of art to create another world through the click of a mouse. Computer generated Imagery is commonly referred to as CGI when using three dimensional computer graphics to create special effects in films and television. Anyone from a professio...
... Film Art: An Introduction. 5th ed. of the book. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 1997.
As time and people are continually changing, so is knowledge and information; and in the film industry there are inevitable technological advances necessary to keep the attraction of the public. It is through graphic effects, sounds and visual recordings that all individuals see how we have evolved to present day digital technology; and it is because of the efforts and ideas of the first and latest great innovators of the twentieth century that we have advanced in film and computers.
Computer generated imagery has evolved and spread throughout cinematography and the film world like wildfire. Although computer generated imagery offers countless creative opportunities, the art form of special effects makeup should be practiced and preserved, as just that- an art form. Most people have begun to describe special effects makeup as anachronistic. Considering how long special effects makeup has been around, people are convinced that its existence is coming to an end.
Computer Generated Images, or CGI, is a form of Computer Graphics design, and animations, that make a image look 3D. These images are shown all throughout the media world, industry, and business, such as print media, tv, movies, pictures, commercials, etc. CGI’s have improved rapidly on software that helps our world improve on computer generated imaging. CGI software’s is used to make graphical design for purposes like movies in the theater. CGI companies and software’s, has made the technology age, and its computer has increase in speeds, and has allowed computer graphics programmers, and other companies, to make better quality films, games, and electronic digital photos on their CPU’s, or laptops. Because of the new advancement in software technology in CGI, and graphics designing, it has brought new internet religious cultures, its own new experiences, such as celebrities, and newer technological vocabulary. Technology advancement has increased so much that CGI’s has lead to the new beginning or era of virtual cinema photography.
Dancyger, K., 2007. The technique of film and video editing: history, theory, and practice. 4th ed. s.l.:Taylor & Francis.
Early 1940s and 50s, john Whitney start the experiment of computer graphics, but early 60s when digital computer graphics come to promising stage. So as the animation didn’t just happen, but with the contribution of many people to see that they build in to the digital age of technology with the 3d animation (computer animation) by using moving image that consist of sketch of scene drawn on a paper that help them in developing techniques using technology for creating the animations, which is developed to what it is today.
Animation is a visual technique that creates the illusion of motion, rather than recording motion through live action. The technique is used mainly for motion pictures. Animation can be created by illustrators, filmmakers, video makers, and computer specialists. Animation is most popular in creating cartoon movies. Advertisers also employ animation to develop commercials for television. In addition, producers of instructional films may use animation to help explain a difficult idea or one that could not be shown in live action. Animation can also be combined with live action in a movie. Many animators continue to make many drawings by hand. Since the mid-1980's, however, computer assistance combined with hand-drawn animation has become standard in many movie studios. These methods created such feature-length animated films as The Lion King (1994) and The Prince of Egypt (1998).
In the beginning of animation, animators created images using pen and paper. They were then arranged to give the illusion of movement and depth. This type of animation is called traditional or 2D animation. This style is a great option if the animator is working with characters and want the benefits of a hand drawn quality. However, with 2D animation the animator would need to start completely from a scratch piece of paper to change the camera angle for a scene. Also, truth is fewer and fewer animators can create drawings needed to make a beautiful 2D animation. Today, animators have turned more to 3D animation. 3D animations are created on a computer, with modeling programs to produce a much more realistic and complex animation experience. What helps in making a lifelike animation, is the simple fact that it can be viewed and lit from all angles. 3D animation also adds textures that can be placed into live scenes and elements. This style can work for any concept and offers flexible, customizable, and an overall fluid motion. A friend (a non-animator) of J.K. Riki was asked why he thought 3D compared to 2D was “more real”. He replied and said, “blurs the line between fantasy and reality” and “a child’s daydream – and all other ages – is theoretically 3D, so it’s like their fantasies come to life”. However, what an animator must know is to achieve beautiful movement within the animation, animators must apply the same principles that apply to 2D. Just because it 3D is done digitally, doesn’t mean it is done completely for the
Computer Graphics is the bond between humans and computers. Computer graphics is a large field that branches into almost all fields of computer science; however its roots are young. Computer graphics has massively grown over the past 40 years and is now our primary means of communication with computer applications. Do to technological limitations in the 1950s, computer graphics began as a small, specialized field. The Whirlwind project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is marked as the origin of computer graphics (Machover 14).
The only thing that the audience can see is just the images. They are unaware of the machines creating them. In an everyday life a person is constantly surrounded by many moving images. They can be billboards, commercials, films or live images happening in a real time. Is it possible to find the etiological origin of the small screen? The solution remains more speculative compared to the big screen. It may be essential to remind the fact that since the beginning of the fire screens were frequently ornamented with pictures. Throughout the Victorian era, the big folding screens used in the home for numerous reasons repeatedly turn into true mixtures of all kinds of printed pictures, remembering the numerous "scrapbooks" made by women and kids as fun. However, the images operate mainly as a decorative item, such screens expect the future improvement of media culture, displaying the vast spread of inexpensive mass-produced images in the 19th century, thanks to advances in print equipment and image duplicate technologies. Undeniably, the routine of decorating screens with images has become so usual that average artwork has occasionally been compared by
Computer technology invades the film industry. The existence of computers have aided in the production of genres of film ranging from action movie special effects, to cartoon animation and claymation. Computer Generated Imagery, better known as CGI, assists filmmakers in many ways. An image can be made two-dimensional from a three-dimensional scene, camera angles can be altered to make a character seem larger and thus more important than its surrounding bodies, and colors can be brightened or neutralized, among other things (Parsons, Oja 1). Without the aid of computers, movies would not have the ability to be what they are today.
The Role of Computer Generated Imagery in the Film Industry Computer Generated Imagery is the special effects used in motion pictures to create a visual depiction of an illusion that can not be easily created in real life. Directors of major motion pictures have been using these technologies since the early days of the personal computer. Early on, when and special effects were in their beginning stages, it was difficult to make efficient and effective effects that are well accepted by the movie critics and the general public. An evolution of special effects and the introduction of computerized animation brought the standards for movie effects to a higher level. The development of new methods of Computer Generated Imagery for less money and more effective than in the past has allowed even fairly low budget movies to incorporate such technology.