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Ethnic Poverty and inequality in the UK
And ethnic group is a category of people (within social terms) who have a common culture, language religion and common norms and values. In Britain the main ethnicity is white however in the past 50 years Britain has become culturally diverse and now has a mix of diverse ethnic groups (sociologyencyclopedia 2009).
More than half of people living in low-income households in London are from ethnic minorities. This is as a result of the high proportion of people from ethnic minorities in London who are in low income combined with the high proportion of the total population in London who are from ethnic minorities. Statistics show that black or minority ethnics (BME) only 20% of the white population live in poverty while people with ethnic origin show much greater numbers. 30% for Indians and Black Caribbean's, 50% for Black Africans, 60% for Pakistanis, 70% for Bangladeshis. The proportion of BME’s in low-income households declined during the late 1990s up to the early 2000s but has been rising since then (Browne, K. et al 2009). It should be noted that the proportion of ethnic people in poverty between 2008 and 2009 was lower than that of a decade previously, however the drop was not large enough to make a significant difference.The effect of this is mostly felt by single mothers, pensioners, children and refugees who Murray (1994) refers to as a new “sub-underclass”. Statistics gathered by JRF show that over half of Bangladeshi, Pakistani and Black African children in the UK are growing up in poverty with a staggering 70% of Bangladeshi children growing up poor (Davies, Hugh; Joshi, Heather 1998). Majority of these immigrants have come to Britain in order to find work however statistics...
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Browne, K. et al (2009)
Sociology for A2 AQA
Davies, Hugh; Joshi, Heather (1998). "Gender and Income Inequality in the UK 1968–1990: The Feminization of Earnings or of Poverty?” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society161: 33–61.
Women and Poverty in Britain by Caroline Glendinning, Jane Millar (Hardback, 1987)
in the UK over the past few years but many of the new jobs have been
British Women's Gain of Independece in 1960's and 1970's At the end of the 1950's women still had many disadvantages to men in almost all areas of life, and they were not equal. The man was still seen as the main earner for the family. Although after the Second World War progress had been made in employment and women were able to get jobs, they were very much secondary to men. At the beginning of the 1960's there was a huge boom in popular culture which was accounted for by the huge amount of young people as a product of the 'baby boom'.
Over the course of the last century women’s total labor force participation has increased from twenty percent to sixty percent (Power, 2003). Today women are also receiving higher compensation for their work relative too men. Blau, Farber, & Winkler (2010) found that “the gender earnings ratio for each group increased substantially starting in the 1980’s.” Although there is still a considerable wage difference, the growing wages for women relative to men help explain why the demand for men has decreased, because the higher pay is facilitating them towards dependency. Historically, financial success is a typical trait in men that is in high demand in the marriage market, because it correlates over to providing for a family. Since financial success is in high demand it commands a high price (Braunstein, 2013). The ample increases in w...
An ethnic minority is a group of people who differ in race or color or in national, religious, or cultural origin from the dominant group—often the majority population—of the country in which they live. The different identity of an ethnic minority may be displayed in any number of ways, ranging from distinctive customs, lifestyles, language or accent, dress, and food preferences to particular attitudes, moral values, and economic or political beliefs espoused by members of the group. Characteristically the minority is recognized, but it is not necessarily accepted by the larger society in which its members live. The nature of the relationship of the ethnic minority to the larger society will tend to determine whether the minority group will move in the direction of assimilation in the larger society or toward self-segregation. In some cases ethnic minorities have been simply excluded by the majority, a striking example being African Americans in the American South during the late-19th and 20th centuries.
The article The Gender Gap in Wages insights the issue about the wage gap in the early 21st century, observing that is not actual discrimination in the workplace, but rather the type of work and time put into it that changes the wages between male and female workers. June O’Neill gives sufficient statistical data that is focused on work experience and how productivity in the home is a result of the wage gap. Her claim introduces a great amount of statistical data that shows the reader the reasons for a wage gap to exist. She is knowledgeable about the subject and is straight-forward about her point. O’ Neill’s argument is justifiable meanwhile, it can be argued that her neutrality on the wage gap does not give a specific reason as to how this
The basic assumption of the economic exchange model as a mechanism for the gendered division of labour is that those who contribute more to the economic worth of a household (traditionally males), contribute less to the mundane household tasks that are routinely required (Brines, 1994:653). Thus, it is argued, women are forced to perform housework in exchange for economic support (Baxter, 2002:403). As recently as the mid-1990s, men were far more likely to be involved in full-time paid em...
Darity William A. Inequality, Gender." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008. 624-627. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 1 Dec. 2013.
The problems of race and urban poverty remain pressing challenges which the United States has yet to address. Changes in the global economy, technology, and race relations during the last 30 years have necessitated new and innovative analyses and policy responses. A common thread which weaves throughout many of the studies reviewed here is the dynamics of migration. In When Work Disappears, immigrants provide comparative data with which to highlight the problems of ghetto poverty affecting blacks. In No Shame in My Game, Puerto Rican and Dominican immigrants are part of the changing demographics in Harlem. In Canarsie, the possible migration of blacks into a working/middle-class neighborhood prompts conservative backlash from a traditionally liberal community. In Streetwise, the migration of yuppies as a result of gentrification, and the movement of nearby-ghetto blacks into these urban renewal sites also invoke fear of crime and neighborhood devaluation among the gentrifying community. Not only is migration a common thread, but the persistence of poverty, despite the current economic boom, is the cornerstone of all these works. Poverty, complicated by the dynamics of race in America, call for universalistic policy strategies, some of which are articulated in Poor Support and The War Against the Poor.
Ethnicity is generally used to refer to diverse and unequal skill of social groups with specific culture. Diverse languages, religions and attire assist to group different ethnicities. These ethnic groups develop because of history and social experiences. Ethnic group tend to hold a culture bond. People can relate to other essentially their parents when concerning ethnic beliefs and customs.
Most of them came during the war to help the allies to fight and after
There are many way in which a man can achieves a higher status than women in today’s society. Galligan (1998) shows that in 1991 women only made up 33.5% of the work force in Ireland. The economic difference between men and women are self explanatory with all the facts and figures given. However, I do not want to concentrate wholly on economic reasons such as minimum wage or women in the workforce but more so I want to concentrate on factors such as women in politics and their participation in important subject matter in parliament. Women receive a lower status then men in terms of education by the lack of respect and recognition they receive even in today’s modern era. But most importantly how women are treated in everyday practice in our society such as the status that is given to women is care givers and the status women hold with children and child-minding and rearing is a major way in which men have a higher status then women in society. I hope to prove that even though much is broadcasted in our media about how equal women are in today’s society, women are in fact, not as equal as perceived
Office of National Statistics (2004), Education, Ethnicity and Identity, Available from: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=461 [accessed 28 September 2010], Cite as (office of National Statistics 28 September 2010)
In 2000,75.8 per cent of the women were paid employees as against 56.3 per cent in 1957. Along the same line, the proportion of females who were own account workers declined from24.6 per cent in 1957 to 11.9 per cent in 2000, an indication of improving the quality of women’s employment. Women as unpaid workers also declined from 19.1 per cent in 1957 to 11.5 per cent in 2000 although they still comprised more than two-thirds of all unpaid family workers. This proves that, not only are women paving their way to financial independence, it also proves that one most likely cause for women being able to is due to the increased educational opportunities open to them.
It is no denying that the salary of men is far more than that of women’s. In the Great Britain (and other parts of the globe), there are pieces of evidence which suggest that gendered practices of participation in the labor force still have significant impact on the economic security level that men and women develop over the course of their ...
At this point London is the leading city when is comes to immigration, London receives even more immigrants than cosmopolitan metropolis cities as New York and Los Angeles. The article “London’s Comings and Goings” describes some of the advantages and disadvantages about the massive immigration that has happened these years. The immigration makes a total of two thirds of the immigration in Great Britain, and is the reason why London’s economic increases faster than other cities in Great Britain. Some of the disadvantages are as follows; the price on the housing market increases, great strain on the school-system and the main consequence is social inequality among the white- and black population in London. Some of the white natives who live in the city flee from the country, because they think that the growing black population is an environmental impact. Many people among the wealthy white population move to the countryside, to get away from stress and noise, overpopulation and criminality, but also to imitate the old aristocratic ideal: an isolate life in romantic sublimity in the m...