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Gender in literature
Gender Issues In Literature
Gender in literature
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Throughout history, women and men alike, regard females as lesser, they get abused and taken advantage of time and time again. The strength of the women in the past have carried on and reached the women of today, who are able to feel empowered. Isabel Allende’s representation of women empowerment is beautifully woven into her novel The House of the Spirits, which display the viewpoints of many oppressed women who live in a patriarchal society. Despite this patriarchy, the women manage to gain control of their own roles in life. This control brings effects unto Esteban Trueba’s way of living , ultimately leading him down a path of self-despair and loneliness. Esteban’s first fiancée Rosa de Valle, his first wife Clara de Valle, and his only …show more content…
Due to his upcoming marriage, Esteban decides to improve his financial situation in a mine his mother obtains, vowing to “extract the last gram of precious metal even if it meant I had to crush the hills with my own hands and grind the rocks with my feet. For Rosa’s sake, I was prepared to do that and much more” (Allende 27). Rosa’s choice to choose him as her husband changes Esteban's opinions on love and transforms him into a hard-working man. He tries to become a man worthy to be with Rosa, wishing to provide her with more than a powerful last name. He spends huge amounts of effort in the mines, never wanting to rest and waste time. Despite Esteban’s hard work to marry her as soon as possible, he was still too late. As soon as the death of Rosa reaches Esteban’s ear, he begins to become depressed. He ends his work in the mines, now believing “He had no wish to become rich by such a sacrifice. He had his whole life ahead of him to make money if he could, time enough to be bored and to await death, without Rosa” (Allende 46-47). Still, Rosa’s memory haunts Esteban both night and day leading him to dislike the city in which he lives. This pushes him to return to the abandoned Tres Marias and restore what his father had ruined. Rosa’s lingering presence in Esteban’s life drives him to restore the land with no expense or effort spared, all in the
Trueba also desires control over his wife, daughter, and granddaughter. He wants “control over that undefined and luminous material that lay with her [Clara] and that escaped him”. In addition, when Clara stated, “You can’t keep the world from changing, Esteban. If it’s not Pedro Tercero García, someone else will bring new ideas to Tres Marías,” Trueba ...
Symbolism is the key to understanding Sandra Cisneros’ novel, “The House on Mango Street”. By unraveling the symbolism, the reader truly exposes the role of not only Latina women but women of any background. Esperanza, a girl from a Mexican background living in Chicago, writes down what she witnesses while growing up. As a result of her sheltered upbringing, Esperanza hardly comprehends the actions that take place around her, but what she did understand she wrote in her journal. Cisneros used this technique of the point of view of a child, to her advantage by giving the readers enough information of what is taking place on Mango Street so that they can gather the pieces of the puzzle a get the big picture.
Women are seen as failure and can’t strive without men in the Mexican-American community. In this novel you can see a cultural approach which examines a particular aspect of a culture and a gender studies approach which examines how literature either perpetuates or challenges gender stereotypes. Over and over, Esperanza battled with how people perceived her and how she wished to be perceived. In the beginning of the book, Esperanza speaks of all the times her family has moved from one place to another. “Before that we lived on Loomis on the third floor, and before that we lived on Keeler.
Women’s Escape into Misery Women’s need for male support and their husband’s constant degradation of them was a recurring theme in the book House on Mango Street. Many of Esperanza’s stories were about women’s dreams of marrying, the perfect husband and having the perfect family and home. Sally, Rafaela, and Minerva are women who gave me the impression of [damsel’s in distress].CLICHÉ, it’s ok though. It’s relevant They wished for a man to sweep them of their feet and rescue them from their present misery. These characters are inspiring and strong but they are unable to escape the repression of the surrounding environment. *Cisneros presents a rigid world in which they lived in, and left them no other hope but to get married. Esperanza, however, is a very tough girl who knows what she wants. She will keep dreaming and striving until she gets it. She says, "I am too strong for her [Mango Street] to keep me here" (110). Esperanza learned from all of these women that she was not going to be tied down. She said, "I have decided not to grow up tame like the others who lay their necks on the threshold waiting for the ball and chain" (88). **Especially after seeing that Sally was suffering so much. Sally’s father is making her want to leave home by beating her. Sally "said her mother rubs lard on the places were it hurts" (93). There is not enough lard in the world to be able to cure the pain within Sally’s heart. Sally, "met a marshmallow salesman at a school bazaar" (101). Pretty soon " sally got married, she has her house now, her pillowcases and her plates" (101). Her marriage seems to free her from her father, but in reality she has now stepped into a world of misery. This was supposed to help her heal; " she says she is in love, but I think she did it to escape." (101). Unlike the other women Sally has no escape, no poetry, not even papaya coconut juice, not to mention, " he does not let her look out the window" (102). That is why "she sits at home because she is afraid to go outside without his permission."(102). Rafaela’s situation also involves imprisonment in her own home. Cisneros introduced us to Rafaela, a young beautiful girl whose expectations from marriage were to obtain a sweet home to live in. Instead...
Rafaela is married to an older man and “gets locked indoors because her husband is afraid Rafaela will run away since she is too beautiful to look at” (79). The narrator Esperanza notes that because Rafaela is locked in the house she gives the passing kids money to run to the store to bring her back juice. Esperanza states that “Rafaela who drinks and drinks coconut and papaya juice on Tuesdays and wishes there were sweeter drinks, not bitter like an empty room, but sweet sweet like the island, like the dance hall down the street where women much older than her throw green eyes easily like dice and open homes with keys. And always there is someone offering sweeter drinks, someone promising to keep them on a silver string” (81). Esperanza is being to notice a common occurrence in the treatment of women on Mango Street. Rafaela is locked away by her husband as he wants to keep her from running off. This mirrors the relationship between Earl and his wife. Rafaela is described in more detail however allowing readers a deeper connection to her experience in her marriage. Esperanza witnesses Rafaela’s confinement in the house each time she passes by with friends and Rafaela sends them down money to buy her a drink from the store since she is unable to go herself. There is also an interesting comparison in which the confined room is compared to being bitter whereas the sweet drink is compared to being the
Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits was strongly influenced by the three waves of Feminism. Allende’s focus throughout the novel was to diminish the gender inequality between men and women. Through her female characters Clara, Blanca, and Alba, Allende showcases the gradual rise of women in Latin American society. She incorporates political and societal aspects to emphasize women’s empowerment throughout the novel. Clara, Blanca, and Alba each individually represent the three waves of Feminism that gradually gave women the power to lessen the gender hierarchy present in their society.
His violence and sexual appetite began to show when he started to rape several women working at Tres Marias. Esteban once seen as a hero by the reader was now seen as a villain. Although he kept his social status of a high order, it led to people looking at him differently. His ill manner pushed away family members that once respected him. Esteban was too late to realize his mistakes. I believe Esteban’s coping strategy of using violence is the most ineffective way he has handled. He gained nothing but hatred for it. Not even his wife, Clara would speak to him anymore after Esteban beat her constantly. He drove away all his family members having no one close to him any no more. This led to deep tensions inside the family. Also, his treatment and thinking of women were unfair, his bias towards them only brought more hate. This can relate to the society standard of the rich remaining rich and looking down upon the poor. The rich would hog everything and leave the crumbs for everybody else. In the same way, both methods look down upon society and mistreating them. They think of them as nothing and incapable of achieving success. Likewise, they will result in retaliation by the society. It will lead to the development of family members beginning to move away slowly. They do differentiate though in the fact that looking down upon the poor is not as
Allende’s character Esteban Trueba has a very intricate life. Through his triumphs and defeats and through the different places of this novel, Allende portrays several elements that clearly exemplify historical, political and economic events in Chile. Esteban’s life is that of the low class in Chile. He usually longs for power and money to make good things happen. After leaving, his mother and sister, and starting a new and independent life, Esteban’s ideology changes dramatically. For the first time he directly experiments success and wealth. He feels as if he has no problems, mainly because he does not have a family to weigh him down. Trueba's move to Three Marias seems to appease his hunger temporarily, before his monstrous, demanding, and ever growing needs overwhelms him. The type of lifestyle achieved by Esteban Trueba in Three Marias far surpassed that of living with his mother and sister, however only brief moments of satisfaction are incurred. These, previously mentioned, moments created a hunger for perfection and greed that would continue perpetuate at any cost. Only when Trueba receives a letter from Ferula does he remember his life with her and his mother, which forces him to endure his memories of poverty and pain. He even remembers the smell of medicine, which had encompassed their home. These memories force Esteban to reflect on the reasons and ideas that made him leave his origins. He reminisces on that portion of his life, occupied by the deterioration of his family.
Feminists confront the problems of their society in hopes of altering society to be equal. The novel, The House of the Spirits by Allende, directly correlates the struggles of feminism with the Clarettes. Though the story follows the events of Esteban Trueba; he is overshadowed by the power exhibited by the females of del Valle. Men are portrayed showing violence and discrimination in hopes of reaching what they want. Clara and the Clarettes utilize their power to subtly protest. The women of The House of the Spirits enrich the story by keeping the book interesting while showing a feminist side to the story: Allende utilizes women as the dynamic characters in society by pacing the story, controlling their supernatural powers, and representing the strength of women; portrayed by
For the young Dulce Rosa Orellano, life is great being the beautiful daughter of Senator Anselmo Orellano. She has people waiting on her hands and feet, and is even crowned jasmines of Carnival Queen for another consecutive year. That is until “rumors of the beauty who was flourishing in the Senator Orellano’s house reaches the ears of Tadeo Cespedes” (Charters 43). Given that he was “only concerned with the Civil War”, everything is a fight for him. So Tadeo made it his mission to seek out the young beauty and have her as his own. This mission consisted of shooting up the home with all of his men, murdering Senator Orellano, and unwillingly raping Dulce Rosa. Before being in he hands of the Tadeo, she says before her father, “let me live so that I can avenge us both” (Charters 44). In doing so, Dulce Rosa grows up to forget about her high fame and beauty, to a woman to live alone and whose only mission on Earth is vengeance (45). Tadeo how ever, gets old and leaves his violent days. He actually comes to his sense and searches for Dulce Rosa to apologize for his past behavior so that he may “attain a certain degree of happiness” (Charters 46). To his own dismay he ends up falling for Dulce Rosa, who in turns kills herself as her revenge for her father to him.
Throughout The House on Mango Street Esperanza learns to resist the gender norms that are deeply imbedded in her community. The majority of the other female characters in the novel have internalized the male viewpoint and they believe that it is their husbands or fathers responsibility to care for them and make any crucial decisions for them. However, despite the influence of other female characters that are “immasculated”, according to Judith Fetterley, Esperanza’s experiences lead her to become a “resisting reader” in Fettereley’s terminology because she does not want to become like the women that she observes, stuck under a man’s authority. She desires to leave Mango Street and have a “home of her own” so that she will never be forced to depend on a man (Cisneros 108). During the course of the novel Esperanza eventually realizes that it is also her duty to go back to Mango Street “For the ones that cannot out”, or the women who do not challenge the norms (110). Esperanza eventually turns to her writing as a way to escape from her situation without having to marry a man that she would be forced to rely on like some of her friends do.
Society set a standard many years ago that in a relationship, the woman depends on the man. In The House on Mango Street, woman tend to trust and not have power in relationships. Sandra Cisneros develops the theme that women are inferior to men. This is based on men’s view on power and women accepting their role through the motif of gender roles throughout the novella The House on Mango Street.
These novels, poems and short stories show how sexism is very much an issue in past decades but also in present and future decades. The America that we live in wants to believe in the fact that all men and women are created equal, it has yet to do anything. Women are still seen as objects to an extent. We are still seen as Daisy or as Charlotte Perkins main character, or the woman Carlos Gomez Andres writes about. The fact that we might die from the loss of freedom, because one cannot escape from an unhappy marriage, is considered ridiculous.
The House of the Spirits written by Isabel Allende is an extraordinary novel that weaves together, history, politics, and current events to create a unique piece of literature. Throughout the novel on several occasions it is clear that there is inequality between the aristocrats and the peasants and this leads to struggle between the classes. The issue of class struggle takes the form of growing conflict by causing a division between the Conservatives and Socialists. At the head of the Conservatives is Esteban Trueba, a violent and materialistic figure. He believes people need to work their way up to the top and there is no reason that peasants share the upper classes wealth. On the other hand, Pedro Tercero Garcia represents the Socialistic view and he is willing to make the change through revolutionary principles. As the novel progresses class differences begin to build up and result in a political struggle between the Conservatives and Socialists thereby impacting the society in a negative way and causing it to rip to shreds.
Isabel Allende’s novel, Eva Luna, amalgamates many of the techniques and conventions associated with the picaresque tradition, magical realism and bildungsroman in order to present a critique of dominant Eurocentric ideologies of the patriarchy and oligarchy in 20th century Latin America and to valorize the voices and experiences of the marginalized and oppressed. A prominent aspect of Eva Luna which acts as a vehicle for the novels critique of the patriarchal oligarchy are the numerous motifs and symbols utilized throughout the novel. The manner in which Allende introduces and develops symbols and motifs throughout the novel functions to set up a number of oppositions which portray a sense of loss of freedom and expression under the oppression of the colonizing oligarchy, illustrate the superficiality of oligarchic power and align the reader with expression over silence and transgression above oppression.