Sea turtle is one of long distance migratory species in the marine environment. There are four out of seven species of sea turtles recorded to nest in Terengganu, Malaysia which includes Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas), Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea). Stranding is defined as any sea turtle, dead or alive with abnormalities (injured, weak, diseases) washes ashore or near the shore (Vélez-Rubio et al., 2013). With the increasing of public awareness, more sighting of stranded sea turtles were reported which helped to improve the data collection. Stranding of sea turtles in this studies focus on carcasses found along Terengganu beaches in 2014. By collecting data about stranded sea turtles, information such as death causes and its natal origin can be determine from the carcass itself.
2.0 Objectives
1. To obtain information about stranded sea turtles from reliable sources.
2. To determine the death cause of stranded sea turtles.
3. To determine the natal origin of stranded sea turtles found in this study by using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences.
4. To map the reported stranded sea turtles in Terengganu recorded in 2014.
3.0 Literature Review
3.1 Sea turtles and stranding
All four species of sea turtles recorded to nest in Malaysia fall in either the endangered (EN) or critically endangered (CR) categories according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2013). Generally, nesting trends of sea turtles in Malaysia have been decreasing. The nesting trend of green and hawksbill species have not significantly increase but it can say to be stabilized throughout the years. Moreover, olive ridleys and leatherback species are listed critical...
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...derstanding the haplotypes distribution and genetic diversity of sea turtles through mtDNA control region sequence analysis, management and conservation efforts in a particular area will be more enhance and improve by better understanding of the population dynamic of the sea turtles (Formia et al., 2006).
4.0 Conclusion
There are still no other alternative to be acknowledged about any stranding incident other than report of sighting. The reason that caused the sea turtles to be stranded on the beach should be investigate in order to understand the threats that harm them. Moreover, understanding of genetic diversity of stranded sea turtles also provides valuable insight about its population dynamic. Sea turtle stranding incidents provide handy data which can contribute in employing better management and conservation measurements of this endangered marine animal.
In the Grapes of Wrath, a novel by John Steinbeck, there are many examples of symbolism. One of the most prominent symbols found in this book is the turtle seen in chapter three. This turtle is symbolic of three things: the Joads and their journey west, Tom Joad himself, and the promise of new life. First, here’s a little background information on the turtle. This land turtle was somewhere to go. Where than is, no one knows, except perhaps John Steinbeck. To get there the turtle decides to take the perilous journey down a dusty dirt road that stretches along the quiet countryside. What could happen? A lot more than one might think. In fact, the turtle faces quite a few challenged ranging from pesky insects, to ledges, to even cars. But, the thing that makes this turtle special is that he never gives up (Pages
Throughout the animal kingdom, adaptations take place continuously and even the smallest of changes can leave a significant impact. Examples can be seen within any plant or animal. One example would include sea turtles, specifically, the Loggerhead Turtles. These turtles are native to the Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans as well as the Mediterranean Sea (Deurmit L 2007). They thrive in either temperate or tropical climates and can live in a myriad of biomes (Deurmit L 2007). These biomes include the pelagic, reef, coastal, and brackish water (Deurmit L 2007). Loggerhead turtles are omnivores and can eat anything from insects to aquatic crustaceans, to macro algae (Deurmit L 2007). According to Deurmit (2007) Caretta caretta is classified into Animalia Kingdom, Chordata Phylum, Vertebrata Subphylum, Reptilian Class, Testudines’ Order,
The efforts taking place through different conservation organizations and the State of Florida are making a mixed impact on the survival of Manatees and Sea Turtles. The decline in manatee population has decreased, but due to low reproduction rates, more needs to be done to avoid extinction. The sea turtle outlook is more species specific. Some species of turtle are seeing stabilization in population, while others are not. The State of Florida has a large array of custom license tags that support the conservation efforts taking place within the State. The proceeds go to benefit the local marine life in Florida. With financial resources, state and local cooperation, and through constant research and observation, we are able to learn more about both of these gentle animals. With human awareness of those living in Florida, these two animals will survive
Manatees are loved by many Floridians. Manatees are known as one of the state’s natural wonders. They were once marked as one of the endangered mammals in Florida. The federal government considers a species endangered when it is at risk of extinction. Therefore, the federal government is downlisting manatees from “endangered” to “threatened.” The manatees are now downgraded from endangered to just threatened, the level of protection for the manatees are also reducing. Since the federal government has spoken out that manatees are no longer endangered, does it decrease the risk of manatees being extinct?
The range-wide population of manatees is assumed to be at least 13,000, with more than 6,500 in the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico. There was “aerial surveys” that began in 1991. Info from the survey stated it was an estimation of 1,267 manatees in Florida. Today there are more than 6,300 in Florida, indicating a major increase over the last 25 years. The Conservation Commission (FWC)” recently led two natural status reviews of the Florida manatee that involved complete collection and mixture of population and range data; along with a wide spread display of population projections (FWC 2002, 2003; Haubold et al. 2006). Enduring studies of the Florida manatee show that there are four separate regional subpopulations, as
The green sea turtles have been taken out of the Atlantic Ocean for several years, so now they are an endangered species. Today, the green sea turtles population is growing and in the Florida Refuge they counted up to over 12,000 turtle nests. It is shocking to see how much the refuges care about the green sea turtles. They have been looking out for the turtles for 35 years. It was interesting to find out that these green sea turtles live for a really long time. It takes the turtles 25 years just to mature. This article caught my eye because I love science and animals. Knowing that people are taking care of what used to be endangered animals really means a lot to me. I hate seeing animals hurt or struggling to survive. Because of the refuges
The Florida Manatee’s popular marine species in the tropical environment of Florida are currently considered an “endangered species”. The ecology (the relationships between living organisms and their interactions with their natural or developed environment), for the manatee (trichechus manatus), requires and is generally restricted to the inland and coastal waters of peninsular Florida during the winter, when they shelter in and/or near warm-water springs, heated industrial effluents, and other warm water sites (as stated in Research Gate (1997) Hartman 1979, Lefebvre et al). The Florida (West Indian) Manatee, An Endangered Species, has no known predators other than humans; in the past, humans hunted
Horwath conducted many subtidal surveys on SCUBA in southern California and handled marine fish and invertebrates while assisting with research programs while an undergraduate student at University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB). She worked with the Lenihan Lab in UCSB’s Bren School for Environmental Science and Management; with Dr. Jack Engle for the Multi-agency Rocky Intertidal Network, a long-term monitoring program on the West coast of the U.S. with over 90 monitoring sites, and for the Channel Islands Research Program, a long-term subtidal expedition program that includes sites at all eight Channel Islands; and with Reef Check California as a survey coordinator/leader. 2005-2009. Reptiles & Amphibians Role – Piru Creek Diversion Sediment Maintenance Project Biological Monitoring – Location Ms. Horwath surveyed the project area for sensitive species. She monitored sediment excavation activities within the diversion pond for southern western pond turtles, two-striped garter snake, and southern California steelhead.
We all have a special sort of love for someone, or something in our life. Well in my case, turtles are what I have a special love for in my life! I have always liked them, ever since I was a little kid around the age of about four or five. The show “Franklin and Friends” would come on and I would be connected with my TV screen until the end of that show, I mean connected! So on with how I like turtles so much!
Leatherback, hawksbill, and loggerhead are sea turtles which are any of two families Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae defined by feet modified into paddles for swimming. Sea turtles, as the name implies, live in the sea; however, they swim to land to lay there eggs. When an egg hatches the baby turtle waddles across the sand to the sea where it will spend almost all of its life.
Introduction Caretta caretta, otherwise known as the Loggerhead Sea Turtle, is an oceanic turtle that exist throughout the globe. They are circumtropical species (LeBlanc et al. 2014) meaning they are distributed throughout temperate and tropical ocean regions, but most abundant species are found in the United States coastal range. Loggerheads largest nesting aggregations in the Atlantic are found along the southeastern United States coastal range where about 80% of all nesting occurs and 90% of all hatchlings are produced (Abecassis et al. 2013).
Turtles have existed for a very long time. They have existed for about 215 million years. Turtles have been alive a lot longer than mammals,crocodiles,birds,snakes and lizards. They can live up to about 200 years but most live until they are in their mid 70s. Turtles have a hard shell that protects them like a shield. This upper shell is called a carapace.The lower shell called a ‘plastron. The shell is attached to their spine and lower ribcage. It is different from other animal’s shells like the crab. The turtle’s shell is permanent, it cannot come off.
These basking rocks, or even floating cork for younger turtles, are very important, they have to have a place to bask and get out of the water. Yet if you decide to keep it outside be sure to provide a place to bask, plenty of water, filters, and a covering so other predators can not harm or eat your turtle. Equipment will be different for indoors or outdoors. If you keep your turtle indoors be sure that it can occasionally get fresh air and sun light, but do not keep an aquarium next to a window! Also, make sure your aquarium or pond is clean, this is extremely important to maintain good health for the turtle and provides them with a clean habitat.
Lotze, Heike K., Marta Coll, Anna M. Magera, Christine Ward-Paige, and Laura Airoldi. "Recovery of Marine Animal Populations and Ecosystems." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 26.11 (2011): 595-605. Print.
In our world today we have approximately 26,021 endangered species. Endangered species are organisms that may possible become extinct. The term 'endangered species' refers to all species that fits this description. However some conservation biologists and scientists normally use the term ‘endangered species’ to refer to species that are put on the IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature)Red List. Many factors can be looked at when considering the conservation status of a species. Factors such as human threats or environmental threats can cause a species to become endangered.