Shock is a life threatening condition if not treated correctly and if not treated immediately it could become fatal. When a victim is experiencing symptoms of shock he or she should be urgently treated by a professional caregiver. Sometimes the symptoms of shock are present, but in other cases the victim demonstrates normal behavior, it is important to check for injuries. In cases where the victim is not showing symptoms of shock the caregiver will assume that the victim will gradually reach shock. There are different categories of shock but they all should be treated the in similar way. The four major type of shock include hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, neurogenic shock, and anaphylactic shock.1 Other types of shock include septic shock, obstructive shock, and spinal shock.2,3 Adults and children can undergo shock and must always be treated by a professional EMS.1 Although shock symptoms in adults could be more obvious than in some children they should be treated similar to an adult victim.1 If a sever injury is noticed on the child it is important to recognize the child could potentially reach shock if not helped by a professional immediately.
The human body is a system in which organs work together in order to sustain life. When an organ/organ system does not work up to its ability, sensory neurons will detect the stimulus and send impulses to the brain and the brain will then send response impulses to fix the problem in a negative feedback mechanism. Essentially reactions from the internal and external environment is detected and the “mechanism work automatically”.1 However for the mechanisms to properly function the body must be healthy and constantly supplied with oxygen to the vital organs. In order for the enough ...
... middle of paper ...
..., serious infection and sometimes emotional reactions, which are less dangerous form of shock. So when doing initial assessment it is important to check for serious injuries and if any are found, it should be assumed that he or she is at risk of shock.2 First stage some early signs of shock include anxiety, restlessness and fear, along with rapid heart rate and increased breathing. During the second stage mental statues continues to decline therefore confusion arises, sleepiness and disorientation.2 When a victim is in shock, it is important to prevent hypothermia by using blankets and keeping his or her body temperature warm.2 It is important to remember that shock is irreversible unless provided professional medical help. Calling for the emergency gives the victim a higher chance of survival, the victim could potentially “receive help before shock leads to death”.2
Each system, as noted early, contributes to reversing cause of shock in this phase. The first of this will be seen when cause of shock is from hemorrhage and significant blood loss from the body, and all components of the hematologic system, or from blood, has its own function as a response (Kolecki “Pathophysiology”). The body’s process of quickly locating and slowing down bleeding within the body is called hemostasis. As soon as a blood vessel is broken, both the liquid and solid components within the blood effect how the body responds (Tortura 703).
Noyes, Arthur P. M.D. and Kolb, Lawrence C. M.D. Shock and Other Physical Therapies. In One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Text and Criticism: The Viking Press. New York. 1973. Page 499.
There are five main types of shock in the medical field. They are septic shock, anaphylactic shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, and neurogenic shock.. This essay will discuss, in detail, the characteristics and treatment associated with each individual type of shock.
The data from World Health Organization (WHO) on the leading causes of death worldwide and the global burden of diseases shows that, traumatic injuries are the major cause of mortality, morbidity and disability among children (0 – 14 years) - being responsible for more deaths than the combination of other diseases1. It is against this backdrop that pre-hospital care during emergencies becomes very important in the management of the injured children as it is for adults. In most circumstances, earliest responder who could be a medical doctor, paramedic, or even layman are the first to provide the much needed life saving (basic or advance), vital medical care all with the aim of optimizing the victim’s physiological status prior to arriving nearest medical facility2, 3. Indeed, several evidences suggested that these first life-saving supports have effect on the morbidity and mortality of the injured patient2-4. But, recent researches have also shown that interventions like invasive airway management, IV access and fluid administration are associated with higher rate of complication and failure among paediatric patients, while the few that turned out to be successful were provided by specially trained and experienced personnel3. This is due to the difference in size and overall anatomy of children compared with adult, thus many of these procedures turn out to be difficult or results in complication when performed...
Huether, S.E. & McCance, K.L. (2008). Understanding pathophysiology (4th ed.). St. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier
Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome vary from case to case. Additionally, the symptoms vary also based on whether the toxic shock was caused from Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogens.
The term “failure to rescue” refers to a clinical scenario where hospital doctors, nurses, or caregivers fail to recognize symptoms. Responders do not respond adequately to clinical signs that would prevent harm (Morse, 2008, p.2). Dr. Jeffery H. Silber, Director of the Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, first coined the term “failure to rescue” in the 1990’s. He characterized the matrix of institutional and individual errors that contribute to patient deaths as “failure to rescue” (Aleccia, 2008). Since 1990, it has been well documented patients usually exhibit signs and symptoms of impending cardiac or respiratory arrest 6-8 hours before an arrest (Schein, Hazday, Pena, Ruben, & Spring, 1990). Buist, Bernard, Nguyen, Moore, and Anderson’s (2004) research reported similar findings. They found patients had documented clinically abnormal signs and symptom prior to arrest (Buist, et al., 2004). When certain abnormal signs and symptoms are identified early, critical bedside consultat...
When a person starts staring in one direction, shows spasm, has a blue color around the mouth, wets him or herself (incontinence), you should protect the person from injury. Cover the head, don’t put anything in his or her mouth and turn him or her on the side to help the person breathing. You must stay with the person until he or she is fully recovered.
Porth, C. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Pulmonary contusions are another consequence from trauma to the chest, possibly not as severe as examples prior, but still dangerous. A pulmonary contusion is usually due to a blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity; the trauma causes blood to accumulate in the lung tissues and alveoli without lacerating the lung tissues. The lungs swell with the blood in the tissues, like a contusion anywhere else on the surface of the body, hence the term, “bruised lung.” With a pulmonary contusion, the patient will present, “...Tachypnea and tachycardia; while auscultating, rales and decreased breath sounds can be heard. Wheezing, coughing, and productive blood streaked sputum can be present; hypotension and reduced cardiac output accompany. Respiratory distress
The body works in amazing ways like a fine tuned machine. All organ systems within the body depend on one another for survival in some way or form at all times. Cherif et al., (2010) state, the body depends on the precise action of each organ to maintain physical, mental, and emotional health of a human being. Also, homeostasis, the regulatory of body temperature plays a survival role in maintaining body functions. The integumentary system (skin) is the largest, and the most important part of the body. The skin is just one of the organ systems that will be discussed (Thibodeau & Patton, 2008). The body is expected to perform specific duties at specific times the organ systems as a whole, the most important organ system the integumentary system, and homeostasis, are what enables the body to perform on demand.
The current patient may be experiencing a range of traumatic injuries after his accident, the injuries that the paramedic will focus on are those that are most life threatening. These injuries include: a possible tension pneumothroax or a haemothorax, hypovolemic shock, a mild or stable pelvic fracture and tibia fibula fracture.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the question of economic reform was extremely prevalent. Since the Soviet Union had been “defeated,” Communism was consequently defeated. This resulted in Western powers, particularly the United States, and Western banks debating what should be done to the post-Soviet economies. At the same time, however, non-Soviet states were also undergoing economic transitions. The two main modes of economic reform were Shock Therapy and Gradual therapy. Shock therapy consisted of a rapid-fire shift from a Communist economy to a capitalist one. Shock therapy was notably practiced in Russia and Poland, with tremendously different results. The most well-known gradualist transition may have been China, but
The human body goes through many different reactions and processes that are necessary for humans to live. Chemical reactions by the human body are never seen with the human eye, but it is so vital that these processes are understood. Without this understanding, diseases and disorders can never be resolved or controlled. These processes may be small in size, but have a great deal of impact on the function of the human body.
The human body is a complex organism, it is comprised of numerous individual systems that all work together to maintain the living body. Working as the chief system in the body is the Nervous System. The Nervous System as defined by ( Miriam Webster, 2014) is “a system of nerves in the body that send and receive messages for controlling movement and feeling between the brain and the rest of the body.” The Nervous System is further complex and divided into 2 systems that work together to process and perform all voluntary and involuntary functions.