Qualitative Analysis:
There are two general form of analysis; Quantitative analysis and Qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis determines the quantity of a substance as Qualitative analysis identifies its quality. It can be considered as a branch of chemistry. One which is limited to identification of a singular or group of elements, ions, or compounds in a sample. It is, nearly, always applied when in need of performing an experiment, test, etc…since it is usually the qualitative analysis which is performed prior to the quantitative analysis (but can be performed together).
The techniques or methods employed for such identification vary in complexity and are dependent on the nature and/or purpose of the sample being identified. It is also customary to divide the identification procedures into two classes: qualitative organic analysis and qualitative inorganic analysis. Qualitative organic analysis is the more complex of the two. It is limited to only using instrumental methods of identification such as electrophoresis (the movement of charged particles through a liquid or a gel caused by an electric field). It is as well as the least common or applicable of the two due to the millions of possible organic compounds with which only a few thousands have been identified.
The inorganic analysis is the most applicable qualitative analysis for it applies to non-carbon chemistry which includes metals, metalloids, hydrogen ions etc… Thus it is used the majority of the time. The techniques are not limited to instrumental methods such as organic qualitative analysis. It uses both, instrumental and/or manual methods. In certain cases it is necessary to only identify certain elements, ions or compounds of the sample, for which special...
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...rs. Thus, the process can be repeated multiple times to determine the remaining ion(s) by adding a different reactant, but only after the precipitate is successively filtered which can be used in a flame test as verification.
Those are two examples of the testing techniques of the unique branch of chemistry. Qualitative analysis is the identification of what is present within the sample, not the how much. It deals with determining the identities of the unknown ions, elements, and/or compounds in a substance. The techniques of identification will depend on whether one is in need of identifying an organic substance or an inorganic substance, as well as the nature and purpose of the sample. Thus the methods will vary in complexity. It will also depend on the budget for different test have very different costs; mainly between instrumental methods and manual methods.
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
The primary methods when comparing forensic soil samples employ the use of microscopes and manually examining the colour, texture, density gradient and mineralogical content. After a primary manual examination has been conducted x-ray diffraction along with another method such as x-ray fluorescence are used to discover the chemical composition of the sample. These methods are considered to be useful for discriminating between samples which have inorganic minerals, however Bommarito et al (2006) believe a different method is needed to discriminate between organic compounds, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) satisfies these requirements Ion chromatography is also investigated in their study as it has not been applied to forensic soil comparisons before. ...
Did you know tobacco and alcohol use cause over 475,000 deaths in the U.S. annually? To assist young people in avoiding these harmful behaviors, the D.A.R.E. program enhances the knowledge and awareness of the hazards regarding dangerous substances throughout a ten week program. The acronym D.A.R.E. stands for drugs, abuse, resistance, and education. D.A.R.E. ensures the safety of adolescents in various situations and instills beneficial strategies, techniques, and tips to aid young people in making responsible decisions.
Thematic analysis is espoused to be the foundational approach to qualitative analysis and methods (Saunders et al., 2016 as stated in Braun and Clarke, 2006: 78) and it is a useful method used to identify and analyse the order and patterns of qualitative data (Attride-Stirling, 2001). Qualitative research method depicts the correlation that exists between data and events, creating the pictorial representation of what one thinks a given data says (Saunders et al., 2016). They also opined that, qualitative data analysis is cogent, interactive and iterative. Also, Joana and Jill (2011) and Saunders et al (2016) postulate that, qualitative research brings meanings from words and images as opposed to numbers. However, despite its robustness and rigour of its application, it is skewed more to the interpretivist ideologies since researchers draw conclusion from participants and the hypothesis being forecasted (Joana and Jill, 2011; Saunders et al., 2016).
The term methodology refers to the way in which we approach problems and try to find answers and in social science, it applies to how research is conducted, our assumptions, interest and purposes shape which methodology we choose (Steven, 2016:3).Qualitative research is understanding people from their own perspectives, their viewpoint and experiencing reality as they experience it. Qualitative research has many approaches or methods of collecting data and one of them is an interview which I have chosen to explain further based on it as a method of collecting data. The interview is the most common method of data gathering used in qualitative research and it is used in deferent ways by every main theoretical and methodological approach.
The following information will focus on the two substances forensic scientist use to identify and compare matter, whether a material is organic or inorganic. Evidence that will be used in a court trial will depend on the examination that forensic scientist processed in the laboratory. The importance of distinguishing between organic and inorganic material is a necessary step in the criminal justice process. The differences between organic and inorganic will be explained first, next will be to explain the strengths and weaknesses of each, and finally the significance of both as it relates to the justice system. Also, we will focus on soil as it relates to how specific evidence is used in each instance. Now let’s begin by listing the differences.
According to Smith (1983) quantitative research is to explain, predict and develop laws that can be universally applied and Qualitative research is the interpretation and understanding of what people give to their situation. The researchers clearly stated the purpose of their studies, aim, objectiv...
When analyzing physical evidence, there are many different approaches available for forensic analysis. However, it should be noted that no single method or technique yields satisfactory results. Often, the item of forensic interest may require the use of multiple instruments. There is a growing need for advancement for new forensic tools, one that will optimize analytical figures of merit along with many other principal factors such as cost efficiency (cost per analysis), ease of use, instrumentation portability, time for sample preparation, sample consumption, and throughput [5]. In a typical crime scene, analysts analyze numerous trace evidence samples that require determination of their elemental composition. However,
Research can be quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative research is objective and involves measuring the phenomena under investigation. Qualitative research is subjective, explores experiences and feelings, and involves the recording of phenomena that cannot easily be quantified (Toates, 2010, pp. 5-6). Both are empirical since they involve data collection (OU, n.d.).
Quantitative research may be seen as the less contentious of the two because it is more closely aligned with what is viewed as the classical scientific paradigm. Quantitative research involves gathering data that is absolute, for example numerical data so that it can be examined as unbiased as possible. The main idea behind quantitative research is that it is able to separate things easily so that they can be counted. The researcher generally has a clear idea of what is being measured before they start measuring it, and their study is set up with controls. Qualitative research on the other hand is a more subjective form of research, in which the research allows themselves to introduce their own bias to help form a more complete picture. Qualitative research may be necessary in situations where it is unclear of what is exactly being looked for in a study, while quantitative research generally knows exactly what it is looking for. Questionnaires and surveys are quantitative socio-legal research, because it is the collection of numerical data, or data that can be easily being turned into a numerical form. In terms of analysing quantitative data, Excel is the b...
Quantitative research uses a deductive reasoning also known as top to bottom or (top down approach) starting with a theory, then the hypothesis, followed by observation and finally confirmation , going from the general to the more specific. Quantitative methods use numbers and statistics to show the results of the research exercise and mainly are concerned with mathematics and statistics. In quantitative research there are levels of measurement being firstly nominal which are names of things followed by ordinal sequence of things, interval where the sequence has equal distance between each item, and ratio where there is a true zero (Alston & Bowles, 2003, p. 7-9).
Quantitative research involves the collection and converting of data into numerical form to enable statistical calculations be made and conclusions drawn. It provides a measure of how people think, feel or behave and uses the statistical analysis to determine the results. However, this measurement results in numbers, or data, being collected, which is then analyzed by using quantitative research methods (Byrne, 2007).
Quantitative research is research focused on data collections and measurability (Criswell, 2015). According to Newman and Benz (1998), it focuses on the common ideas that all people seem to agree on. Such as that apples come in three colors or that the majority of young people 18-25 have some experience with social media.
In modern society, there are several analytical methods to analysis the chemical compounds such as HPLC, GC, MS. However, for the redox reaction specifically, it is widely used through the electroanalytical methods which is cyclic voltammetry. It can be used in electrode absorption phenomenon, and electrochemical reaction products. It is commonly used in organic compounds and the biology materials mechanisms for the oxidation-reduction reaction research.