When it comes to the translation of any kind of text, nouns are an inseparable part of every language. Nouns can be categorized into two basic groups of common and proper nouns. The first group of nouns, the common nouns denotes a group of entities (objects or concepts), whereas proper nouns denote particular referent (Zarei 2014).
Searle (1995: 134) states that proper names are non-descriptive. They do not describe objects and so a person knowing one’s name does not know anything more than that. However, that does not mean that that it is impossible to create a descriptive proper name. A singular common noun might be used in reference to a particular character. It is also possible to create a proper noun from a common noun by using a common
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Proper nouns or proper names, both of these terms can be used interchangeably, have been studied for over twenty-four hundred years and because of that many definitions of the term name were created. These definitions are often born from different notions of the discussed topic which cause them to be incompatible (Algeo 1973: 3).
Algeo (1973: 13) indicates the features of proper names in relation to morphosyntactic, referential and semantic categories. He states that proper names have only singular forms, they are used without articles and that they do not accept restrictive modifiers. He also adds that they refer only to single unique individuals and they do not attribute any qualities to the object which means they are meaningless. He says that proper names “have a distinctive form of definition that includes a citation of their expressions”. Zarei (2014) also adds that in terms of grammar proper names often behave in a similar fashion as common nouns. However, they should not be generalized as different proper nouns can act differently when it comes to grammatical
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2.3. Approach towards translation of proper names by P. Newmark
Newmark (2001: 70-73) in his work creates a distinction between proper names and cultural items and divides them into two groups. Both groups exist within one specific ethnic group and they both describe persons, objects and processes.
The first group refers primarily to singular cultural items whereas the second one refers to classes of entities which means that it is focused on a much broader group of cultural items.
A proper name should not be translated if it does not have any connotations in the text. This rule can be omitted in case of a name existing as a metaphor which has to be properly translated in order to convey a message. Certain names can be changed in linguistic terms when they become commonly used. Newmark states that certain names in fictions should be left as they are. When they have connotations through their meaning they should be explained in a
Although Shakespeare may disagree, there’s a lot to be said about names, especially those of Pharaohs. Ramesses III had a very common birth name, as most Pharaohs of the 20th dynasty named their children after Ramses II. Ramesses literally means “Re has created him.” The second part of his birth name (hardly ever used), Heqainunu, means “Ruler of Heliopolis” (an ancient city just north of modern day Cairo). The throne name of Ramesses III was Usermaatre Meryamun, or "Powerful is the Justice of Re, Beloved of Amun.
In an Amazon.co.uk interview titled “Magic, Mystery and Mayhem: An Interview with J.K. Rowling,” when asked about the way she came up with the names of characters in her books, she replied, “I invented some of the names in the Harry books, but I also collect strange names. I've gotten them from medieval saints, maps, dictionaries, plants, war memorials, and people I've met!” J.K. Rowling chose these names for a reason based on the deeper meanings behind every character's name and the way they relate to their roles and personalities. In Octavia E. Butler's short story “Speech Sounds”, Rye and Obsidian were the names she chose for her characters. Rye, the name of the main protagonist which symbolizes home and earth yearns to reconnect with her family and to rebuild a family of her own while Obsidian, the supporting character, is named after a type of lava stone, which is believed to contain magical properties that “absorbs and destroys negative energy such as anger, criticism, and fear” (Zagata). The names of the characters have two purposes: to describe the character's role and personality, and to give them an identity.
...ne would find much meaning behind them. In the film, Bound many of the characters names such as Violet, Corky, Caesar and the supporting characters’; Gino and Johnny hold symbolic meanings and its seen throughout the film. Names are what many call “hidden pearls”.
names are prevented from being able to reassimilate within society, they are the outcasts. It also
could call another human being by a term and not by a name is not only
Both Akakiy and Gogol are born without a name. The mothers struggle to think of what to name their child. Later, they are both given a name essentially from their fathers. In “The Overcoat,” Akakiy’s mother decides to name Akakiy after his father. When she decides this she says that “[h]is father’s name was Akakiy, so let his son’s be Akakiy too” (The Overcoat, 2). In The Namesake, Gogol’s father, Ashoke, thinks of a name. “With a slight quiver of recognition, as i...
They convey or may not convey meaning. In any case, official names are kept with a great deal of care and practice. Ashoke Ganguli gives the name Gogol after the Russian writer whose book or page had been filled in as a rescuer of his life. He named his child Gogol for 3 reasons. Jhumpa Lahiri was born as Nalanjana Sudeshana.
“Can you imagine what a mess a world would be without names? (website)Names are very important to a person and their individuality. Ayn Rand’s novel “Anthem” is a book in which the people written about do not have names. The importance of having your own individual names is huge. A name can have meaning given to it, like how the name Sue means lily. Most parents when giving you your name have a meaning behind it and put much thought into what their future child should be named. Names can give you a part of your identity.
A name changing the identity of one is exactly what happened to Firoozeh “Julie” Dumas. Before her name change, Dumas was regarded as being one of those immigrants with a name no one wanted to learn. But after changing her ...
Estevan explains that his original name is Indian, "Our true first names are Indian names...You couldn't even pronounce them" (204). The refugees had to change their name once they fled their country, "We chose Spanish names when we moved to the city" (204). The couple had to change their name in order to keep their identity a secret. Esperanza's name means both 'hope' and 'wait'. Esperanza is hoping to have a relationship with Turtle identical to her relationship with her daughter, Ismene, before she was taken away. Estevan's name means ‘crown’. The meaning of his name does not say who he is specifically. The female characters have meaning behind their names’; but the male characters don’t seem to have any definition. Later in the novel, the couple wish to go by Steven and Hope, American names, since they are now veiling in America. Taylor refuses to call her friends by their new covers. She had changed her own name “like a dirty shirt” and didn’t want to help the refugees modify theirs. Taylor believed Estevan and Esperanza’s names were all they had left, “They’re the only thing you came here with that you’ve still got left...keep your own names with your friends” (219). Taylor knew the feeling of when she changed her name. She was running from her past and chose to revise her name. The young woman felt lost and wanted to forget where she originated from. Taylor
To Frege, names refer to objects, being much like numerals in functions that refer to exact values. Predicates are the functional expressions and concepts. Names and predicates cannot be complete on their own; they must be used together to effectively refer to things. Predicates by themselves only refer to functions, but with a name attached, they refer to concepts. However, it seems that Frege believes that proper names express something else, which I will refer to later on. To Frege, there are ordinary names that are attached to things and descriptions of things with proper names.
I have read an account called " 'What's in a Name? " ", which is composed by Henry Louis Gates. This account demonstrates to us a youth experience of the creator that happened amid the mid-1950s. In the article, Gates alludes to an occurrence when a white man, Mr. Wilson, who was well disposed with his dad, called his dad "George", a name which was a prominent method for alluding to African Americans in those circumstances. In any case, Gates' dad needed to acknowledge this separation and couldn't make a move around then. By utilizing sentiment to bring out individuals' enthusiastic reaction, and utilizing suggestion, Gates effectively communicates his claim that name shapes individuals' discernments
Names are meaningless in war, the absurdity distances the reader from the character and it's humanity, allowing death easier access into the narrative until the novel's final segment. Major Major, Milo Minderbiner, and, simply, Mudd, to name a few, are all ridiculous and are names that no reader would be able to relate with a name he or she has encountered in the real world. Heller's
Do our names give us meaning or do we give meaning to our names? From the moment we are born our parents are the ones to give us our name without knowing our personality, only hoping it fits who we grow up to be. In Jhumpa Lahiri’s novel The Namesake, the protagonist is struggling with a conflict within himself whether to accept his Bengali culture or to embrace a new way. The American way. Being the son of two Bengali parents Ashoke and Ashima Ganguli were in a rush to name their newborn child after never having received the name sent by the protagonist’s grandmother. In this moment, at the rush of the hour the child was named Gogol, taking the name of an author of the book that saved the life of his father after having been in a horrible
Reiteration, as the first category of lexical cohesion, is a phenomenon in which the lexical item refers back to another item that has a connection with a general reference. It is a lexical cohesion which forms a constituent that has been mentioned. Reiteration consists of repetition, hyponymy, synonyms, and antonymy. The purpose of using these aspects of reiteration is to obtain the effect of the intensity of the meaning of language, information events, and beauty of other languages. Haliday and Hasan (1976) says that: