Definition of liniments :
Liniments are either oleaginous solution or alcoholic solotion or emultion and these preparation are liquid or semi liquid intended for external (topical ) application on the skin applied by rubbing on the affected area.liniments are used to treat pain and stiffness of the underlying muscuare.liniments are also known as Embrocation due to the form of application :rubbing the area of pain .The liniment texture offers an ease in usage and massage due it its oil or soap base.
Types of liniments
There are two main categories of liniments based on the vihicle used in the prepartion depending on the action desired.
1. Alcoholic liniments: (Linimenta spirituosa)
Alcoholic liniments are with an alcoholic or hydroalcoholic vihicle.alcoholic liniments subdivides into :
a)liniment alcohol (Linimenta spirituosa) they include in their preparation alcohol as well as medicinal substances and liqueurs often(brandy peppers)
b)soap alcohol (Sapolnimenta) they include in their preparation dispersion medium alcoholic solution of soap .they might by in form of jelly in case of containing sodium soap or liquid in case of containing potassium soap. two of soap alcohol liniment’s main characteristics is that upon rubbing on the skin it might cause emulsification of sebum and it disolves rapidly into the skin with the medicinal substances in it.
Alcoholic liniments in general are used because of their penetrating,counterirritant, rubefacient and their mildly astingent effects.
2. Oleaginous liniments:
This type of liniments are used primerly for massage in spite of ther mild action.oleaginous liniments are less irritating to the skin than alcoholic liniments putting in mind the ingridients included in the preparation.Oleagino...
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When formulating liniments the vihicle used in the prepartion should be choosen based on the type of action desired wheather it is massage ,counterirritant or rubefacient action.Liniments are formulated by the general methods of formulating liquid dosage forms like solutions,emultions or suspentions.
Example :white liniments ingridients Official formula
Oleic acid 85ml
Turpentine oil 250ml used as counterirritant
Ammonia solution 45ml used to provide alkaline medium
Ammonium chloride 12.5g (active ingredient)
Purified water 625ml used as a primary solvent
Procedure :
1. Add oleic acid to the turpentine oil and mix them.
2. Dilute the ammonia solution in 45ml of previously warmed water.
3. Add the products of the first and second steps and shake it to form emulsion
4. Dissolve the ammonium chloride in water
5. Add the ammonium chloride solution to the emulsion.
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