1. How does the kissing bug (e.g., Rhodnius sp., Triatoma dimidiate ) locate its human prey?
The kissing bug ventures forth in search of the blood meal it takes squeezes from humans or sleeping pets. The bugs emerge while the inhabitants are sleeping
“Due to these bugs tend to feed on people faces”. "Kissing bugs are also known as triatomine bugs”. These bugs defecate on the person later they bite and ingest blood. If Trypanosome cruzi parasites in the bug feces enter the body through mucous membranes or breaks in the skin that person can get infected. The unexpectedly sleeping person may accidentally scratch or rub the feces into the bite wound, eyes, or mouth.
Kissing bugs are nocturnal, blood-feeding insects that are members of the Reduviidae family of insects. Other reduviids can inflict a painful bite when disturbed that are similar in appearance feed on plants and other insects
2. What type of environment does the kissing bug inhabit?
The bugs mostly found in houses made from mud, adobe, straw, and palm thatch. During daytime, bugs hide in crevices of walls and roofs & In night Kissing bugs develop onto adults after a series of immature life stages which are called nymphs & both nymphs and adults engage in blood feeding behavior.
Feeding of bugs mostly on diverse wild and domestic animals like wild rodents, other wild mammals, and domestic dogs. Most of the species of animals on which kissing bugs feed can serve as a source of parasite infection to the bug. where can find T.Cruzi parasite
3. Given the behavior and ecology of this insect, what are some factors that could cause the incidence of Chagas disease to increase in Central and South America in areas like the banana plantation, and why?
Kissing bugs are nocturnal...
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... the development of chronic lesions. Both drugs may cause serious side effects and should be administered under medical supervision.
Acute Chagas disease can be treated with antiparasitic drugs. In the U.S., drugs may be available only under an Investigational New Drug protocol from the CDC Drug
Service. To prevent the development of chronic disease there is the treatment of acute or congenital cases is recommended. Antiparasitic drugs are not much effective in the chronic stages.Treatment recommendations may vary with the age of the patient and other factors. There are significant side effects with these drugs, which must be given long term. In case of chronic stage, treatment of cardiomyopathy is mainly symptomatic and similar to the treatment of the other causes of heart disease. There may be a need in pacemaker and a heart transplant can be considered.
To conduct the experiment, the beetles were massed, then attached to a petri dish with a 30 centimeter piece of dental floss. The beetle’s mass was the independent variable. Afterwards, the floss was tied to the beetle’s midsection with a slip knot. Then, the beetle was placed on a piece of fabric with the petri dish attached to it. As soon as the beetle was able to move with one paperclip inside the petri dish, more were added, one by one, until it could not move any further. After the beetle could not pull any more, the paperclips were massed and the results were recorded. The dependent variable was the mass that the beetles could pull. No control group was included in this experiment.
From visible examples of lantana, lily pads, moss, grey gums, string bark gum trees, spotted gum and iron bark. There was already a visible understanding that bunyaville has and immense range of plant species. Along with the animals mentioned that were seen, there was an extensive amount of bugs and insects in the park range. From one test being the forest floor scavenge; five different bugs were found, numerous times. Though these bugs are common household bugs, they were in large numbers. As mentioned before, the data taken for the species in bunyaville, is slightly restricted, as there wasn't enough time to search for every species of bug found in the
There are four different categories of treatment: lifestyle changes, surgical procedures, non-surgical procedures, and medications. Lifestyle changes include having a healthy diet; increasing physical activity; eliminating cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, and illicit drugs; and getting enough rest and sleep; losing excess weight. These lifestyle changes are to lower the patient’s blood pressure, cholesterol, and reducing any other future medical conditions. There are also surgical options to help cure, prevent, or control cardiomyopathy. Surgical method include a septal myectomy, surgically implanted devices, and a heart transplant. A septal myectomy is used to specifically treat hypertrophy cardiomyopathy which is where the heart muscle cells enlarge and cause the walls of the ventricles to thicken. The thickening of the walls may not affect the size of the ventricles but instead may affect the blood flow out of the ventricle. Usually along with the ventricles swelling, the septum in between the ventricles can become enlarged and block the blood flow causing a heart attack. When medication is not working well to treat hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a surgeon will open the chest cavity and remove part of the septum that is blocking blood flow. Surgically implanted devices include a pacemaker, a cardiac resynchronization therapy device, a left ventricular assist device, and an implantable
Background Information: Pillbugs are terrestrial Isopods which belong to the Class Crustacea. Appearance: flattened or rounded back, seven pairs of legs, sharp – angled antennae. Pillbugs have a set of overlapping gills on their underside. There are 12 different species of pillbugs found in the northern and central United States. However, there are nearly 4000 described species of pillbugs. They are fund in humid areas, compost piles, and leaf litter. They feed on dead vegetation such as wood and leaf litter. They cannot survive below -6.0 C, so they burrow 60 cm below the ground surface to reach safe temperatures. They reproduce during the months of May through September. If the pillbugs are irritated they will frequently exude a thick glue which serves to entangle predators, such as ground beetles, centipedes, and spiders.
Forensic entomology is most commonly used in suspicious criminal cases. P.C. White (2010) suggests that insects are responsive to certain stimuli and from this we are able to capture an insight into an insects contribution to crime solving. We can determine many different aspects of a case by the presence of different insects colonising a dead body, blowflies for example, are the first to approach the body when its fresh. This is due to their preference of food sources. Ultimately, I will explicitly focus on the relevance of a blowfly at a crime scene.
Systolic and Diastolic are the two types of Heart Failure. Systolic dysfunction occurs when the heart muscle doesn't contract with enough force, which means there is less oxygen-rich blood that is pumped throughout the body. Diastolic dysfunction is the heart contracts normally, but the ventricle does not relax properly, reducing the amount of blood that can enter the heart and raise the blood pressure in the lungs. Heart failure is a progressive condition and can worsen over time. There are four stages of heart failure that have been classified by the AHA and ACC. Stage A are people that are at a high risk for developing heart failure. This includes people with high blood pressure, Diabetes, coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome. Stage A also include people with a history of alcohol abuse, cardiotoxic drug therapy, rheumatic fever, and family history of cardiomyop...
The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, is a very invasive pest in Southern U.S.A. and in all parts of the world. Scientists determined the arrival of these ants is by the unloading of cargos at the port of Mobile, Ala i...
This parasite is spread through the bite of sandflies. There are three different types of infections and they each show varying degrees of severity. The cutaneous form produces mild skin ulcers, mucocutaneous produces ulcers in the mouth and nose, and the visceral form of the disease starts with skin ulcers and then fever, low red blood cell count, and an enlarged spleen and liver. The parasite is detected by a microscope and visceral can also be found by doing blood tests. 12 million people are in infected in 98 different countries and 2 million new cases are found every year. The disease also kills around 20 to 50 thousand people a year.
Approximately, 1 of every 500 people is affected with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, it is important for patients to understand the dynamics of the disease as it could potentially be life threatening. In most cases, the patients quality of life is not affected, but a few will experience symptoms that cause significant discomfort or undetected complications that could lead to sudden cardiac death. With that in mind, it would be beneficial to recognize what it is, specific causes, the steps of diagnoses, and the options for treatment.
As useful as their tongue is for collecting nectar it is useless in capturing insects hidden inside flowers, even though insects do provide most of the protein...
Outline the physical similarities between the (Blaptica dubia) cockroach and the cricket. Explain previous studies on physical stress in the cricket and in different species of cockroaches. Briefly discuss how the metabolic rate between the two species has been found to be very similar.
Forensic entomology can be broken down into three areas: medico-legal, urban, and stored product pests. Urban entomology involves insects that affect houses, buildings, and other human based environments. Stored pest entomology involves insects infesting stored goods such as food and clothing. In this paper, medico-legal entomology will be the focus as it is the type of entomology that entomologists use to utilize insects to solve criminal cases, (Houck and Siegel. Entomology).
There are different species of trichinella that can cause human disease, which has much disturbance worldwide. There are several species of trichinella that have been discovered. They include T. pseudospiralis (mammals and birds worldwide), T. nelsoni (African predators and scavengers), T. native (Artic bears), and T. britovi (carnivores of western Asia and Europe) (CDC, 2012). In the United States, there are less cases reported now than in the past. In the 1940’s, the United States Public Health Services began tracking the number of trichinellosis cases. There were 400 cases in the United States each year on average (CDC, 1997-2001). From 2008 to 2010, 20 cases were reported each year on average (CDC, 2012).
Forensic entomology is the study of insects and arthropods and their relation to a criminal investigation. Forensic entomology can determine the postmortem interval (PMI) or how long since the descendants’ death, whether the body has been moved since expiring, and what injuries may have been sustained (Ryan, 2011). When decomposition begins, insects establish a colony to lay eggs on the remains; these eggs will hatch into larvae that will eat the human organs and tissues. Forensic entomologists can determine the specific insects present in the body and estimate how long a body has been left exposed by examining the stage of development of the fly larvae; however, these findings are not always plausible. The fly larvae look and act different at each stage of development. The time required for stage development is not only affected by environmental influences such as geographical location, climate, and weather conditions, but also by type of insect. The forensic entomologist must consider these conditions when estimating the postmortem interval. Knowledge of insects, their life cycles, and their habits make entomological evidence a priceless tool for an investigation. Forensic entomology has proved its significance in a number of cases; though circumstances such as weather, temperature, and time of year clearly affect the development of insect infestation, and the expert must keep these in the forefront of his/her mind (Innes, 2000).
Seventh, in some groups of insects, truly social behavior has evolved. Social behavior will allow a large population to survive through difficult periods via cooperation in food gathering, food storage, temperature control, and colony