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Racial profiling and the criminal justice system
Racial profiling and the criminal justice system
Racial profiling in law enforcement essay
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Hate Crime and Discrimination Against Arab Americans and Muslim
There are many forms of hate crimes that brought attention in the United States and increased throughout 2014. Examples of hate crimes are assault on homeless people, crime on colleges’ campus, crimes on immigrants, hate crimes on Arab American, Muslim, and Asian Pacific American. Also, there are hate crimes on children and hate groups such as civil rights leaders or gay couples. There is diversity, hate crime, which is more alike than unalike. Another kind is bullying which is to use force or to abuse or treat other people and treat them aggressively. Harassment is another kind of hate crime that is common everywhere. Harassment usually found in the workplace, which involve unwanted sexual advances.
This paper focuses on hate crime and discrimination against Arab Americans and Muslim. After 9/11 incidents, “hate crime and discrimination against Arab American have decreased, but the number of violent crimes against Arab Americans remains higher than before 9/11.” These days we see discrimination against Arab and Muslims and all that comes with assault, murder, rape, harassment, or verbal abuse. What does a hate crime mean in all these different worlds? Hate crime is a criminal act against victims and it’s usually violent act, which depends on his or her prejudice membership in a social group.
Most of crimes that we see these days depend on how a person deals with another member in society. Is the person done something that could insult the other party member? There are many examples of hate crime against Arab American, Muslim, or Sikhs that happened in the United States. On October 2008, at 10 years old Sikh boy was assaulted while walking home from school ...
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...te. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.civilrights.org/publications/hatecrimes/arab- americans.html
Brooks, M. (n.d.). The history of hate crimes in the United States - by Marcus Brooks - Helium. Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.helium.com/items/1179975-hate-crimes- emmett-till-medgar-evers-dorseys-and-malcolm
Violent Crime. (2013, June 20). Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in- the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/violent-crime/violent-crime
ADC RELEASES REPORT ON HATE CRIMES AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST ARAB AMERICANS - American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.adc.org/index.php?id=3388
A Report on the Civil Rights Division’s Post - 9/11 Civil Rights Summit (pp. 1-19, Rep.). (n.d.). Retrieved May 27, 2014, from http://www.justice.gov/crt/publications/post911/post911summit_report_2012-04.pdf
Alston, Alex A. and James Dickerson. Devil’s Sanctuary: An Eyewitness History of Mississippi Hate Crimes. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books. 2009.
Williams, Walter. “Racial Profiling.” (1999). N. pag. Online. AT&T Worldnet. Internet. 5 Dec 2000. Available: www.jewishworldreview.com/cols/williams031099.asp
"The Reality of Racial Profiling." CivilRights.org. The Leadership Conference, 22 08 2012. Web. 4 Mar. 2014. .
"Hate Crimes up in Wake of Terrorist Attacks." CNN.com. Cable News Newtwork, 16 Sept. 2001.
According to Petrosino (2003: 10) hate crimes can be defined as "..the victimisation of minorities due to their racial or ethnic identity by members of the majority. " (p. 4) Hate crimes are also known as bias-motivated crimes because the crimes are motivated by a bias towards a person or persons including but not limited to those of a different gender, ethnic background, religion, or sexual orientation. Hate crimes are quite serious and have severe and long lasting-effects for the targeted victims. Due to the severe nature of the crimes many countries have strict laws in place to punish offenders. Hate crime is not widely discussed in Canadian society because it has not been a prominent issue until now. “..The extent of the problem in Canada was limited to a small number of persons, such activity could create a climate of malice and destructiveness to the values of our society (Cohen Report, 1966:24). As a result of the committee’s efforts, Parliament amended the Criminal Code in 1970, thus rendering hate propaganda as a punishable offence (Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1986:7)
Hate crimes are done too frequently in the United States. Although we have laws that supposedly regulate them, many people still feel the need to commit acts of violence on people that are different than them. Many of these crimes originate with some sort of hate speech. People get ideas from other people, passed down from previous generations.
Profile of a Hate Crime Offender Sterilized from emotion, hate crime, also called bias crime, is those offenses motivated in part or singularly by personal prejudice against other because of a diversity-race, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity/national origin, or disability. Hate crimes are committed out of anger, ignorance, and lack of knowledge of another’s ideas and beliefs. There are many causes for an individual to commit a hate crime. Also, many different profiles fit the description of a hate crime offender. There are ways to prevent and control hate crimes, but they will always be present in society as long as every person has the right to express his or her opinion.
Hurd, Heidi M. (2001). Why liberals should hate ``hate crime legislation''. Law and Philosophy 20 (2):215 - 232.
"Southern Poverty Law Center." FBI: Dramatic Spike in Hate Crimes Targeting Muslims. Southern Poverty Law Center /Intelligence Report, 06 Apr. 2012. Web. 23 Mar. 2014.
Any crime motivated by a bias against a person or group based on their ethnicity, gender, sexual preference, religion or another characteristic is a hate crime. These crimes can either be committed against the people themselves or their property. When someone commits a hate crime they are targeting a group of people not just one individual. That’s why hate crimes have extra punishment. The punishment for hate crimes are very insignificant considering the deviant who committed a hate crime targeted an entire group of people. Hate crimes are very serious offensive but determining where to draw the line can be difficult. Hate crimes are very serious and can have lasting effects on victims.
Hate crimes are not a new concept for society, because hate crimes have always been around. While the study of hate crimes and the laws that have been passed because of hate crimes is relatively new, hate crimes have always been around. Hate crimes were committed as far back as the 1800’s and even back to The Civil War. Hate crimes are prevalent in society today just like they were in the past; because whether the crimes are aimed towards Muslims, the gay community, or any other minority group; they are fueled by something that every person has come into contact with- prejudice. Prejudice is defined as a preconceived thought or opinion about someone. While prejudice can be positive, in the concept of hate crimes they are negative feelings, thoughts, or opinions that are aimed towards a certain religious, ethnic, race, or even sexual orientation group. The typical definition of hate crime is that a crime has been committed by a majority member against a minority member simply because the victim was a minority. However, as of recent the definition has been expanded to allow for any crime committed by bias towards the victim’s social group such as anti-gay or anti-lesbian. Hate crimes are an extreme, potential effect due to prejudice and discrimination towards someone based on ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation. These crimes are committed against an individual or a group of individuals based solely on the fact that they are part of a group that the offender doesn’t approve of whether it is because they are a different race or following an alternative lifestyle. While the hate crimes are not something that is new in society because prejudice has always been around, the concept of a bias-crime and the legal precedent that it ha...
A hate crime is a crime, usually involving violence or intimidation committed against others based partially or entirely on race, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation or membership in another social group.
Someone commits a hate crime every hour. In the most recent data collection, 2014, a reported 17, 876 hate crimes were committed. This is a national crisis that we cannot allow to continue.
A hate crime is a crime motivated by several reasons that include religion, sexual orientation, race, nationality, gender, etc. It typically involves physical violence, intimidation, threats and other means against the individual that is being targeted. It is a crime against the person and it can have a devastating impact on the victim. Several argue that hate crimes should be punished more severely. However, it is not a crime to hate someone or something if it does not lead to some sort of criminal offense.
Prejudice and discrimination have both been prevalent throughout human history. Prejudice deals with the inflexible and irrational attitudes and opinions that are held by others of one group against those of another. Discrimination on the other hand refers to the behaviors directed against another group. Prejudiced individuals have preconceived beliefs about groups of people or cultural practices. There are both positive and negative forms of prejudice, however, the negative form of prejudice leads to discrimination. Individuals that practice discrimination do so to protect opportunities for themselves, by denying access to those whom they believe do not deserve the same treatment as everyone else. An example of discrimination based on prejudice involves the Jews. “Biased sentiments and negative stereotypes of Jews have been a part of Western tradition for centuries and, in fact, have been stronger and more vicious in Europe than in the United States. For nearly two millennia, European Jews have been chastised and persecuted as the “killers of Christ” and stereotyped as materialistic moneylenders and crafty business owners (Healey, p.65). The prejudice against these groups led to the discrimination against them.