lll. French dialects.
France is one of the largest and highly centralized countries of Western Europe. According to French Constitution French is the only official language of the country. The Standard French is based on the pronunciation and vocabulary used in the formal registers of French in Metropolitan France (Simo K. Määttä (2004), p.167) The Parisian version of French considered as a standard language, however at the same time several other languages have developed in France.
To promote the language and “reinforce French nationality”, in 1635 cardinal Richelieu established French Academy. At that time “literacy was confined to very a few” and “was very little national consciousness”. The establishment of French Academy “undoubtedly
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Where the differences between the Sothern languages themselves are related to cultural and historical characteristics of different regions. However the southern dialects share the same pronunciation, however people from different regions can identify the difference between them (Blanchet, P., Armstrong, N., (2006) p.264.)
For example, in “Auvergne and Limousin, situated half way between northern and southern France, with Poitou to the west (o¨ıl region) and Dauphin´e-Savoie to the east (franco-provenc¸al region), French is pronounced with some southern characteristics (notably the oral vowel system) and some northern characteristics (nasal vowels, loss of schwa), with more southern features gradually appearing southwards, and vice-versa for northern features” (Walter, 1982: 205; Soupel, 2002, cited in Blanchet, P., Armstrong, N., (2006) p.264.).
The southern dialect is well known by the whole French population and outside of France. “The association is so well known that the French expression “avoir l’accent” generally means, ‘to have a southern pronunciation’. “It is the only French-specific regional pronunciation that is internationally recognized”. Which shows the positive image of southern French even in outlying parts of the French-speaking
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For example both Kansai and Southern France dialects are seems to be popular within the countries and used widely. Southern France dialect is considered to be friendly and warm; Kansai dialect is entertaining and fun. In oppose to them Northern French and Tohoku dialects are considered to be rural and unpopular. However, sometime the dialects judged less by the sounds themselves than by characteristics of the areas, which from they come. Therefore, people tend to associate certain characteristics with speakers from these regions, where the prestige of the region influences the prestige of the
No matter what side of the spectrum a person may fall on, the history of the French language in Louisiana runs deep. It was introduced to this land in the eighteenth century as Europeans emigrated from France and the Acadian refugees ventured from Canada. French was Louisiana’s language. As mentioned earlier, efforts are being made to preserve the general French language and background of Louisiana ("Parlez-Vous? Some Louisiana Pupils Being Immersed in French Instruction", 2011). Louisiana currently has thirty schools that offer the French immersion program. CODOFIL is working diligently to increase the amount of schools that offer French immersion programs. It is crucial that these programs be implemented in order to maintain a unique and special characteristic of Louisiana ("Parlez-Vous? Some Louisiana Pupils Being Immersed in French Instruction").
This chapter focused mainly on misconceptions and attempting to clarify those misconceptions about accents. In the opinion of linguists, accent is a difficult word to define. This is due to the fact that language has variation therefore when it comes to a person having an accent or not, there is no true technical distinction because every person has different phonological aspects to their way of speaking. However, when forced to define this word, it is described as “a way of speaking” (Lippi-Green, 2012, p.44). Although Lippi- Green identified the difficulty linguists have in distinguishing between accent, dialect, and another language entirely, they were able to construct a loose way of distinguishing. Lippi- Green states that an accent can be determined by difference in phonological features alone, dialect can be determined by difference in syntax, lexicon, and semantics alone, and when all of these aspects are different from the original language it is considered another language entirely (Lippi-Green, 2012).
Chicago’s accent situation is almost identical to those in other cities, you cannot expect everybody from New York to have a thick Brooklyn accent, and this lies true within the Windy City. As shown through the script experiment, a large percentage of people do have three of the characteristic vowel changes that distinguish the accent, but only a small minority speaks with all the vowel changes that make up the quintessential accent.
Vaux, Bert, and Scott A. Golder. "Dialect Survey Results." Harvard Dialect Survey. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .
In Richard Lederer’s article “All American Dialects”, he states the ironic truth that “most of us are aware that large numbers of people in the U.S. speak very differently than we do.” (152) How is it that one language can have so many speech communities? It is because of the way our nation was developed. Our language is a mixture of culture and lifestyle that has diverted our English dialect, so that each region’s speech is unique. How I speak can define who I am, determine what I do, and locate exactly where I’m from in the U.S. This is the value of my, and my language’s speech communities. If one was to travel to Germany they would be constantly hearing German. What they wouldn’t notice is that each city within Germany tends to have their
African American English also has different sound systems than Standard English although not all sounds are different. An example is variation in the use of consonants. As an example, when two consonants appear at the end of the word, they are often reduced examples include t in the word west which is reduced to wes as in wes side instead of west side. Exceptions to this case have been noted to occur especially when the next word begins with a vowel as in west in west
Language in the South varies according to which area someone is in and what the person’s ethnic background is. Most white people that live in the South have a country draw in their accent or talk very proper. Most black people in the South talk using Ebonics or are really proper, but some do have a draw in their accent. The other ethnic groups talk in their native language or in English with a distinct accent associated with their ethnicity. If one is in Southern Louisiana their accent will be Cajun. The language in the South is alike in most places according to the person’s race except in Southern Louisiana.
The people of the north and southern regions have their differences between their way of life, society, food they eat, the animals and crops they can have, to the way they make a profit...
Southern culture is based upon three main things. The south is known for its hospitality, language, and food. Here is a bit of an overview on the history and background of the Cajun culture and language. Cajun culture began with the arrival of French Acadians who migrated to and settled in what is now Louisiana mainly between 1765 and 1785 (Cajuns, 1996). Cajun French is a variety of the French language spoken primarily in Louisiana, specifically in the southern parishes (Cajun French, 2016). The Cajuns spoke French almost exclusively until the 20th century. Many would learn English get along in an increasingly Anglo society as the 19th century progressed, but their main language was Cajun French. The basics of the language is their Acadian
the use of a southern type dialect. Local color can be shown in a particular dialect,occupations, and Topography.
Language shift, or language attrition, was a feature to a Darwinian evolution in which less complex and adaptable languages, like Creole, died and the more advanced and fittest languages, like English, survived (Carlisle, 2010). Modern linguistics challenges that it is not accurate to focus on the attrition of a language based on its structure, without looking at the social factors involved. There is very little to no development of Louisiana Creole and the reason for this is because of the restricted access to the language, through education and/or everyday interactions (Carlisle, 2010). As of today, there is no evidence of children growing up that speak Louisiana Creole French as their first language. It’s unlikely to find a fluent speaker below the age of 60. The 60-year-old-and-over generation learned the language when they were young, but after having to renounce the language in school, they only taught their children English. They came to appreciate the cultural impact of their abandonment of Louisiana Creole French in the 1960s. They then began to speak the language to their grandchildren (Audisio and Burke, 1988). For those few speakers below the age of 60, “they would be called ‘near-passive bilinguals.’ They may know many words and expressions but cannot construct or manipulate full sentences” (Brown, 1993). Current speakers speak English as well as or even better than
Language and dialects as unintelligent and not beautiful. Folk linguistics can be visible when comparing Standard English and African American language. Some individuals
Dialects do not merely differ according to country, however. Within a single country, there may be many dialects. In the United States, one can usually tell if a person is from the South, East, West, or Midwest based on the way that they speak. There are regional dialects within states and even within cities as well. Every dialect has its own phonological and syntactic patterns, as well as some unique vocabulary.
As a native of Louisiana, I have had the pleasure to enjoy the benefits of living in a state with various cultures that blend cohesively with one another. The words that I have learned as a child reflect what the culture that I live. I may not speak a creole language, but I have experienced the culture just the same. Words like, boudin or andouille, are not familiar to visitors or tourists to the state, but it’s something that feeds into the culture’s heritage. I have spoken with my fair share of people across the parishes, from New Orleans to Shreveport, and each place has their own style of language.
Hence, the overall goal of this study is to investigate the Hasawi plosive phonemes and how they shape different allophones. This paper is divided into five main sections: the first section is an introduction of the topic including an overview of the dialect; the second section is a review of the literature which includes brief previous related studies; the methodology used for this study is described in the third section; the fourth section demonstrates the findings of this study; and finally the conclusion.