Fire extinguisher:
Classes:
A) Standard combustibles such as wood, clothing, paper, soft furnishing, plastics, trash
B) Combustible liquids such as gasoline, oil and petroleum, and paint. Could also include combustible gases like butane and propane. Does not include fires that contain cooking oils and grease
C) Electrical fires/ electrical equipment such as motors, transformers, and appliances. If power or electricity is removed then a class C fire becomes a fire of one of the other classes
D) Combustible metals such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, semi conductors. For example potassium, magnesium, aluminum
K) Cooking oils and greases such as animal fats and vegetable fats
Why each so specific:
Water and foam: extinguishes fire by taking away the element of fire from the fire triangle. The foam separates the element of oxygen away from the fire and the other elements. Water fire extinguishers are only used for class A fires for wood, paper, soft furniture, textiles, and clothing. It should not be used on class B for it would spread the liquid and class C because it could create a shock
Carbon dioxide: extinguish fires by taking away the element of oxygen away from the fire triangle and as well removes the heat with a cold release. Could be used on class B and C for no fear of creating a shock or spreading flammable liquid. Does not work for class A fires as most are incomplete combustion reactions therefore would add more oxygen and carbon making the fire bigger and would spread
Dry chemical: extinguish the fire by interfering with the chemical reaction of the fire triangle. Most used multipurpose works on class A, B; C. also works by making a barricade between the element of oxygen and fuel element of class A fires. Mo...
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...e fire out.
Gas Laws:
Avogadro’s Law: equivalent volumes of gases under same temperatures and pressured conditions will have equivalent number of atoms (particles, molecules, ions, electrons, etc).
Charles’ Law: as temperature increases the volume of the gas increases too (directly proportional) providing that the pressure and the amount of gas is constant
Boyle’s Law: as pressure of the gas increases the volume decreases. As volume increases, the pressure of the gas decreases. Temperature is constant.
Guy-Lussac’s Law: as temperature of the gas increases the pressure of the gas increases as well provided that the volume and the amount of gas are constant. Temperature and pressure are directly proportional.
Combined gas law: the product of pressure and volume divided by the absolute temperature of the gas is constant as long as the amount of gas is kept constant
Thousands upon thousands of acres are lost in forest fires every year. We always hear about the dramatic losses caused by forest fires and are often concerned by them. There are so many horrible effects from fires and most of them affect so many people. Studies have shown that out of all of the different methods to decrease fire damage, prescribed burns are the most affective. Many people would argue that they are not as affective because they cause so many health problems. Although that is a very important view and may seem valid, those health issues are not as extreme as one might think. People should look at the majority of the benefits form prescribed burns and they will see how affective and important they are. Prevention is the key to society these days and is definitely an important factor in saving lives. If more lives can be saved as well as land and wildlife, prescribed burns may be the better way to go about forest fires. Although, prescribed burns are better for the environment in order to prevent drastic forest fires, severe damage to timber and extreme death of wildlife; some people feel it affects the health of a firefighter too much and it causes too many long term effects.
For the first phenomena, he noted how all combustions involved the formation of fire or light. With that in mind, Lavoisier also observed that this combustion occurs only through dephlogisticated air / pure air. Other airs (e.g. carbon dioxide) act as a fire extinguisher similar to that of water. Another combustion phenomenon he outlined was how the weight of the burnt material directly relates to the amount of air used in the reaction. Moreover, he also described how certain substances turn into acids after it has been burn...
# National Wildlife Coordinating Group Training Working Team. Wildland Fire Suppression Tactics Reference Guide. National Wildlife Coordinating Group, Boise, ID, 1996.
The rate of application of the agents to control the fire in the most effective time period.
Sun L. et al studied the thermal stability and fire retardant properties of wood flour/polypropylene composites containing magnesium hydroxide (MH), expandable graphite (EG), and ammonium polyphosphate(APP) as flame retardant. The results showed that both expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate promoted thermal degradation of wood flour and char formulation, and magnesium hydroxide did not influence on the wood flour decomposition. Cone calorimeter results indicated that EG showed the best properties on fire retardant and suppression smoke
Few incidents in America history have had an effect on the fire service and fire codes like the Cocoanut Grove Fire, the fire became so influential it affected the means of treating burn victims in a hospital setting pioneering the use of petroleum jelly and gauze as the preferred treatment for burn victims. On November 28, 1942 a fire that would consume 492 lives and injure over 166 patrons of the club. The Fire changed Boston’s fire codes and regulations instantly. The Cocoanut Grove Fire was a prime example of the potential devastation that will occur when fire codes and provisions are not in place or enforced as they should be.
Bernoulli’s principle is the concept that as the speed of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) increases, the pressure within that fluid decreases. This principle was originally formulated in 1738 by the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, it states that the total energy in a steadily flowing ...
The Equation Of State These three gas laws that were proposed by Boyle, Amontons and Charles can be summarised as follows: For a fixed mass of gas pV = constant if T = constant (i) p/T = constant if V = constant (ii) V/T = constant if p = constant (iii)
As the temperature increases, the movements of molecules also increase. This is the kinetic theory. When the temperature is increased the particles gain more energy and therefore move around faster. This gives the particles more of a chance with other particles and with more force.
Firefighting started in Roman times. In the 1600’s firefighters had to deal with heat, fire, and a toxic smoke. Most structure fires burn to the ground because they did not have the Equipment to fight the fire as the departments have today. In 1863 Henry T. Gratacap created the first fire helmet. The design was a reinforced dome-shape leather helmet with a front shield and brim rolling to a long back tail. This made if safe for the heads of the firefighters. In the old days, firefighters used a long fire coat that was made of wool and they wore long boots like hip waders with a fire helmet. In 1825, a miner name John Roberts made a mask to help filter smoke inside a smoke field environment (Hasenmeier).
5. In a gas increasing the pressure means molecules are more squashed up together, so there will be more collisions. My Investigation. I am going to investigate the concentration variable. I have chosen this because in my opinion it will be the easiest one to measure.
When a fire occurs in a home, the aftermath can seem overwhelming. The extent and severity of fire and smoke damage that can take place during a fire can leave behind soot, debris, odor, and smoke. Even in areas that seem to be unharmed by the fire and smoke can create a dangerous and hazardous environment. This not only can damage to a home’s structure, it can also damage the contents and personal belongings inside. When fire damage occurs, immediate response is necessary to mitigate the damages as well as prevent further damage from occurring.
...e against arson is to have effective security. One way to reduce the risk of an arson attack on the home is by installing an intruder alarm system that may help in keeping the potential arsonist away. People can also install fire alarms and extinguishers and store matches, lighters, or any dangerous and flammable liquids away in a safe place. To make it more preventable for arsonists to enter the home, people should close all windows and lock all doors before they go out.
In the 1900’s, fires were a deadly menace in the cities. There were millions of people who burned to death or suffocated. Among these deaths were many firefighters who lost their lives due to not having protection from the smoke and fumes as they were trying to save lives. This inspired one man to create a brilliant invention that will save many lives in the future. His name was Garrett A. Morgan.
Creating the awareness among the students helps them on the various ways to avoid fires. If possible students are advised to ensure that all the fire alarms and extinguishers are in working conditions at all times. They should also be careful and alert when using any appliance that is likely to cause a fire and avoid using anything that is prohibited in the rooms.