Expenditure Cycle
System weakness
(1)According to the context, we can see that the purchase system is basically controlled only by the purchase manager Olga. Moreover, the purchase manager makes the purchase decision without any other monitoring. This may be a weakness of the system because the manager purchases inventories as long as she “thinks” it is time to make purchase order. As a result, the cursory purchase decision will lead to some superfluous loss. On top of that, the manager may take advantages from her position. For example, she may steal part of the inventory and sell them to another company to get money. This may be a possible explanation to the problem mentioned in the company overview that “inventory systems listing products as being on hand when they are not on the shelves at all”. So that it will be a wise decision if Sue Flanagan gives the administration authority to someone else out of the business. Besides, it is also required a security system which need the administrators to type in their user name and password for every single change of the inventory. With these done, the purchased order will be much safer and also hard to be falsified.
(2)Secondly, the purchase manager selects vendors randomly without analysing the performance of each vendor. However, the manager does not know which vendor offers the cheapest price or which vendor’s goods have the best quality. As result, this problem may lead to the increasing cost of the inventory and also has a negative effect on goods’ quality. The purchase department should do a market survey and then prepare a report about the performance of each vendor. This report should include various aspects of vendors such as the description about each vendor, the vendors’ b...
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...are making the business financial report. The department should use a system which can immediately mark the invoice and documents while the cheque is sending to the vendor.
(6)In order to ensure safety of company property, the company bank account should be monitored by someone out of the account payable department. However, in this system, there is no such person who could reconcile the account. As a result, it is difficult to measure whether the payment is equal to the value of purchased good. On top of that, treasurers and account payable clerks can hardly be controlled. The owner of this business is recommended to find some trusted and reliable accountants as supervisors of the company bank account. And the company should also design a system which requires the authorised fingerprint for each payment. This can maximize the protection of the company's property.
Government has filled a spot in the American Society that once belonged to the churches. People regularly attended church throughout American history and use the church as a place of instruction, guidance, support, and charity. The government now fills a larger role in American’s lives and at the same time church attendance is diminishing. The government is growing at a rapid pace and the expanded social programs have more influence on Americans than the church. America is a nation of immigrants which most fled from large governments (sometime oppressive) and now the American government is poised to grow larger than ever. The ideas behind the growth of government can have noble intentions, but more often than not results in wasted money and harm to the peoples it intends to help, and is replacing the roles churches once filled as a guiding and supportive structure in peoples lives.
There are several important people involved with this project and will help with the necessary changes needed for the Payable Audit System (PAS). Each person has a very detailed job description and the skills that would be used to make the changes to the system. First, Ted Anderson the director of disbursement began to notice how their current system was very labor-intensive. He knew of other ways to increase the productivity to the system and he would help in the plan to transform these changes. First, he changed the mind-set of how the system would work, and he organized a difficult training course with a 9 month duration designed for the employees. With his role on this project the company will make several fundamental changes, to pay the invoices in their tolerance. Keeping all history transactions, they would adopt a quality-control approach. Also eliminating all their paper files they would develop a Document Control System (DCS), where they would scan all of their documents into their computer system.
To counter this problem, computer assisted audit techniques have been developed. These systems are able to provide a more in depth analysis of the utilized billing systems. Computer assisted audit techniques also enable highly efficient assessment of transactions. By utilizing this system, an auditor could gain a clearer picture of the revenue reporting mechanisms that are being utilized by the business office. Once the information is derived, however, its interpretation, while simpler, will still require an individual that is knowledgeable in regard to the revenue cycle
The second step is entering the transactions of the period in appropriate journals. This step consists of taking the journal entries, assigning each to an asset, liability, equity, expense or revenue account(s) to debit and credit. This can be done by almost anyone. I have had jobs where the bookkeeper does the journal entries and figures out which accounts are affected. I have also had jobs where anyone from a receptionist to a staff accountant does this step. If the person doing the journal entries does not have a background in accounting, or is unfamiliar with which accounts are affected, the person submitting the source documents will write down which accounts should be debited and which should be credited. This practice makes doing the journal entries little more than data entry, which can be done by nearly every employee.
‘Beyond Budgeting is the set of guiding principles that, if followed, will enable an organization to manage its performance and decentralize its decision making process without the need for traditional budgets. Its purpose is to enable the organization to meet the success factors of the information economy (e.g. being adaptive in unpredictable conditions).’
Macroeconomics theories are scientific theories that provide policy recommendations that could be used to improve the performance of the economy and to correct macroeconomic problems (Dadkhah, 2009). These theories were developed to give insights about economic problems experienced by countries and regions. They have implications concerning unemployment, inflation and the gross domestic product (output). Such theories include classical economics, Keynesian economics, aggregate market, monetarism, new classical economics and IS-LM analysis. Arnold explains extensively application of supply-side macroeconomics theory to describe its implication in fiscal policy in the economy. The theory suggests that fiscal policy can produce real
Conspicuous consumption refers to the ostentatious display of wealth for the purpose of acquiring or maintaining status or prestige. In Asia, luxury products convey the importance of status and face giving in Asian culture (Conspicuous consumption, org, 2014). Therefore, Luxury goods companies regard Asia as the area of greatest importance (Doran, 2014).
Since mid-90, technology changed procedures for evaluating supplier’s relationships. Before technology, Suppliers relationships used to be an isolated activity disconnected from others companies’ activities highly influenced by conflict of interest. But when technology started to provide accurate data, companies begin the focus on inventory management activities increasing the importance of procurements departments’ evaluation as a way to reduce supply chain cost. With data, procurement can evaluate suppliers and their benefits for the company. In today business environment, the company dilemma is evaluating if the supply chain should be vertical, full outsourced of mix, considering industry maturity impact and price competition (Chopra & Meindl, 2007; Slack & Lewis, 2011).
Purchasing process is the process of buying the right material, at the right quantity, at the right moment, at the right price and from the right supplier ( Heinritz et al, 1986). It can also be defined as the way an organisation behaves towards it suppliers, as suppliers are the pillar of strength for all organisations at large. According to We...
This chapter deals with literature review on the study variables in a buyer-supplier relationship. And focus on how trust, adaptation, commitment, communication and cooperation been selected as variables that will affect buyer’s satisfaction level.
The purpose of this document is to describe the nature, purpose and scope of accounting and it deliberately explains the details of each category in accounting. Accounting involves in preparing financial documents of an entity by analyzing, verifying, and reporting this records. It emphasizes its major characteristic role in field of banking and finance, with a mixture of supportive sub topics.
The accounting cycle is a series of steps starting with recording business transactions and leading up to the preparation of financial statements. This financial process demonstrates the purpose of financial accounting–to create useful financial information in the form of general-purpose financial statements. In other words, the sole purpose of recording transactions and keeping track of expenses and revenues is turn this data into meaning financial information by presenting it in the form of a balance sheet, income statement, statement of owner’s equity, and statement of cash flows.
Yes, I was being honest when I was charting my spending habits because I haven’t done a budget that lasted a week before, and I wanted to get an estimate of how much I spend in a week. It was an interesting task to be aware of how much I was actually spending by having real numbers to look at in an organized spreadsheet. The spreadsheet itself was very simple and direct which made it easier to analyze. By lying about my spending habits, this assignment would have been counterproductive since I would have been avoiding facing the truth about how much I spent that week. Instead of being dishonest and trying to avoid that amount of money I spent, I was honest when I was charting my expenses since I wanted to get an actual estimate, even if this
Nowadays with the implementation of new emerging technologies, the way businesses keep this financial information has become computerised. At the moment businesses use computers with a computerised accounting system in order to perform many other new activities than what they were able to do in the past. Businesses can access financial information from different department in the organisation, access to the information through computers and find financial data very fast, being more efficient. (Beliss, 2013)
The main function of AIS is to provide information derived from the financial transactions. The daily paper record, receipts and invoice, the electronic copies, any kinds of documents could be the source of the financial transaction. The piecemeal data is hard to trace and follow. The traditional accounting information system solves this problem. It collects the information, sorting and processing, making a record and then providing it to the users who are interested in it. However, with the development of technology, the function is being improved. Under the network environment, the accounting information system trends to base on internet to realize the financial information processed electronically and automatically. The emerging functions, such as cloud computing, shadow data, giving convenience to the users via mobile devices. The non-network AIS is no longer meeting the new requirements. In current business world, innovations and improvements are needed to satisfy the varieties requests of customers under the context of multi-cultural. Companies and organizations hope to use information to help planning and solving problems. In the pwc report, the new accounting information system needs efficiency, speed, and real time information to meet the definition of excellence. Given that this is an information era. These factors need the cooperation between IT and Accounting. The system creator according to the