As depicted in the above illustration, the exhaust system for the automobile usually consists of the following components:
Cylinder head and Exhaust Manifold
Exhaust Pipes and Elbows
Catalytic converter
Center Pipe
Muffler
Tail Pipe
Further, the exhaust system is divided into three sections with different requirements as follows-
High temperature section: It consists of exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, diesel particulate filter.
It should have high resistance to scaling and low embrittlement tendency
Middle section: It contains pre-silencer and connection pipe
It should be resistant to high temperature and corrosion
End section: Rear silencer and tail pipe forms the end section.
It should be resistant to wet corrosion from the inside and corrosion due to brine from outside
Exhaust Manifolds
Although manifolds are mounted on the engine and often misinterpreted as an engine part, but it is indeed a key component of the exhaust system. Manifolds serve the function of collecting the exhaust/burnt out gases from the cylinders and transfer it to a single pipe. Manifolds are generally manufactured from Cast Iron on the basis of the following design criteria’s-
To use minimum amount of metal
To use occupy minimum amount of space and
To have minimum production cost
These design criteria’s make the manifold less efficient because of the time difference between the combustion and the exhaust of the gases. This even leads to back pressure.
Different countries have different nomenclatures, for example, the pipe connected to the exhaust manifold is called Engine pipe while the gas emitting pipe is called tail pipe in Australia.
Headers
Headers are circular in shape and consists of bends and folds in the tube path....
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...oxidation catalyst. Platinum is used both for reduction and oxidation.
Figure 2: Catalytic Converter [ ]
Muffler
Muffler is the main component of the exhaust system. It functions to reduce the noise produced in the engine during the combustion process. Since muffler has a larger cross-section, therefore when the sound waves enter the muffler these get broken decreasing the noise level. The following figure shows the muffler
Figure 3: Muffler of Automobile [ ]
A certain type of muffler design has holes in the chambers and the other uses fiberglass or plates to reduce the noise levels, the detail design concepts have been discussed in the design and construction section of this document. To reduce the sound level without the back pressure is always a challenge hence heavy gauge materials are used to make more efficient design with better manufacturing techniques.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether if the sound is affected when it travels through different length pipes. The method used to do this experiment was created by using 5 different PVC pipes in the lengths of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 centimeters. Then, using a tuning fork, sound will be produced on one end of the PVC pipe and measured with a decimeter on the other end. This experiment was recorded using 5 trials for each independent level and the average decibels (dB) for each pipe length were recorded.
Have you ever wondered how those big heavy construction equipment are able to work day in and day out and able to go through so much work? Well that’s because of their mechanics like me and I’m going to show you what they do day in and day out to keep them going. Thesis Statement: The career of diesel mechanic is challenging, because of everyday is something new and anything can happen. The research will describe the career of diesel mechanic, what is required to become a successful, and the impact this career has on society.
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...the shock waves created by a shift, which acts as a brake, slowing the turbo and requiring it to be spooled up again. We lose boost pressure but keep our turbo speed this way.
Bronchioles- passage way where air passes though the nose or mouth and to the lungs.
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• Pipeline: pipeline transports unrefined petroleum and characteristic gas from oil fields to refineries and afterward to the core of the dial.
so they could compress the air at a much higher pressure so the engine can
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