Introduction Investment and disinvestment are two sides of the same coin. When we deal with the investment management, it automatically encompasses disinvestment also, as what is investment for one is disinvestment for another, particularly in the secondary market. It investment is an art and science; the more so is the disinvestment process. Disinvestment is a wider term extending from dilution of the stake of the government to a level where there is no change in the control to dilution that results in the transfer of management. The transfer of ownership may occur when in an enterprise the dilution of government ownership is beyond 51 percent. The disinvestment implies that the government will sell to public or private enterprises / public institute’s part of its holding in public sector enterprises. Disinvestment involves the sale of equity and bond capital invested by the government in PSUs. It also implies the sale of government’s loan capital in PSUs through securitization. However, it is the government and not the PSUs who receive money from disinvestment. The fixation of share/bond price is an important aspect of disinvestment. Now, the Disinvestment Commission determines the share/bond price. Disinvested shares are listed, quoted and traded on the stock market. Indian and foreign financial institutions, banks, mutual funds, companies as well as individuals can buy disinvested shares / bonds. Objectives of Disinvestment The Following are the main objectives of Disinvestment Process: To reduce the financial burden on government. To improve public finances. To introduce, competition and market discipline. To find growth. To encourage wider share of ownership. To depoliticize essential services. Disinvestm... ... middle of paper ... ...public is protected through these organizations. Unlike private companies who thrive for profits and strive to infringe the rights of people, PSUs were started for the people. Thus disinvestments are certainly against the interest of the people but it is a necessary evil. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of disinvestment in a weighing machine, it can be construed that this is a necessary evil. There have been many instances where fundamental rights have been violated because of privatization (for example, the closure of mills in Mumbai), but it has caught like wildfire in India. If the disinvestment policy is to be in wider public interests, it is necessary to examine systematically, issues such as - the correct valuation of shares, the crowding out possibility, the appropriate use of disinvestment proceeds and the institutional and other prerequisites.
The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the article called “Can We Keep Our Promises?” by Robert D. Arnott, and to help better understand the three key risks facing each investor.
company's equity are purchased, i.e. the buyer gains complete control over its target. Equity stakes of lesser percentages are referred to as minority holdings.
Security, in business economics, written evidence of ownership conferring the right to receive property not currently in possession of the holder. The most common types of securities are stocks and bonds, of which there are many particular kinds designed to meet specialized needs. This article deals mainly with the buying and selling of securities issued by private corporations. (The securities issued by governments are discussed in the article government economic policy.)
Lindblom poses that the market entraps government because it fears the fall out of poor market function and the unemployment that it would create. The officials understand that the economy, at a basic level, is something that everyone can understand and that when it is doing poorly, they are in danger of losing their “privileged position”. According to Lindblom,
The management of a public company is democratic and for that fact the shareholders are able to vote off directors and elect directors. The minority shareholders are protected under the companies act for domination and mismanagement.
Every action or proposal needs to balance equity and efficiency needs in order to deliver optimal dividends to its targeted audience. Given the fact that resources are relatively scarce compared to the innumerable needs, businessmen, economists, administrators among other leaders reckon that every proposals needs the equity-efficiency balance in order for set goals and objectives to be achieved. This paper seeks to describe the role of equity and efficiency trade off in proposals.
Privatisation means transferring the control of an enterprise from the government sector to the private sector. Generally, but not always, this also means transferring ownership of the Public sector enterprise as well as control.
One of the key areas of long-term decision-making that firms must tackle is that of investment - the need to commit funds by purchasing land, buildings, machinery, etc., in anticipation of being able to earn an income greater than the funds committed. In order to handle these decisions, firms have to make an assessment of the size of the outflows and inflows of funds, the lifespan of the investment, the degree of risk attached and the cost of obtaining funds.
Corporate investment analysis Investment analysis takes different forms and is applied to support a number of key decisions throughout the investment, acquisition and program cycles. Several approaches are used in this analysis. This includes cost benefit analysis, alternatives analysis, business card analysis and economic analysis. This paper explains the different aspects of the corporate investment analysis. It also highlights the use of derivatives to efficiently manage investment risks in an investment portfolio.
Stakeholders are those groups or individual in society that have a direct interest in the performance and activities of business. The main stakeholders are employees, shareholders, customers, suppliers, financiers and the local community. Stakeholders may not hold any formal authority over the organization, but theorists such as Professor Charles Handy believe that a firm’s best long-term interests are served by paying close attention to the needs of each of these stakeholders. The modern view is that a firm has responsibilities to all its stakeholders i.e. everyone with a legitimate interest in the company. These include shareholders, competitors, government, employees, directors, distributors, customers, sub-contractors, pressure groups and local community. Although a company’s directors owes a legal duty to the shareholders, they also have moral responsibilities to other stakeholder group’s objectives in their entirely. As a firm can’t meet all stakeholders’ objectives in their entirety, they have to compromise. A company should try to serve the needs of these groups or individuals, but whilst some needs are common, other needs conflict. By the development of this second runway, the public and stakeholders are affected in one or other way and it can be positive and negative.
Analyzing in terms of investment, if a private investor puts money into a company he has an expectation of both risk and return on the investment. Given a particular level of risk, the investment needs to be expected to have a particular level of return. For example, investment in a start-up needs to have the potential for a very high return, given the higher risk of failure, while investment in a large established business can be coupled with a lower expected return, given the lower risk of failure.
Nottingham Trent University. (2013). Lecture 1 - An Introduction to Corporate Governance. Available: https://now.ntu.ac.uk/d2l/le/content/248250/viewContent/1053845/View. Last accessed 16th Dec 2013.
towards investment, the idea that they are indebted to their investors. We are not discounting the fact...
The business always develops due to investments and the correct most accurate analysis is an integral part of any initiative. Any initiative should be studied by financial analysts, correctly predicted in terms of financial investments and beneficiaries, tracked at various times, studied , changed on time, if necessary. Success of investments depends From financial analysis, it helps to protect the business from financial losses and predict cash flow and return of investment.
Our understanding and the concept of investment in behavioural finance combines economics and psychology to analyse how and why investors make final decision. As an investor one’s decision to invest is fully influence by different type of attitudes of behavioural and psychological ( Ricciardi & Simon, 2000). Yet, in order to maximize their financial goal, investors must have a good investment planning. Furthermore , to gain a good investment planning , there must be a good decision making among investors. They have to choose the right investment plan I order to manage the resources for different type of investments not only to gain profit wise but also to avoid the risk that occur from investment.