What is crime, and How new technology is changing the nature of criminal behavior and crime especially computer crime?
I. What is Crime?
Crime is an action or omission that constitutes an offence that may be prosecuted by the state and is punishable by law. New technologies are the objects that change the nature of criminal behavior and the crime, one of the main technologies that have been used widely for crime purposes is computer. This paper intends to look at computer crime, statistics about it, causes of computer crime, the punishment for those who commit this act, and ways to prevent computer crime.
II. History of Computer Crime:
Many scholars argued that computer crime began on 1940s with the creation of computer. But the first known computer crime spotted in October 1966 in the United States. The offender was an engineer he committed computer crime through manipulating programs of a bank’s computer system. Therefore we should make a conclusion that computer has history of more than 50 years up to now. The growth of computer crime started in 1970s, but it rapidly increased in 21st century. Nowadays there are enormous uses of computers in almost all aspects of the life in all over the world, and it is used in schools, universities, companies, private sectors, governmental agencies, law enforcement, and industries. Therefore it has influenced every aspect of the society such as, political, economical, cultural and military aspects.
III. Computer Crimes and Statistics about it:
Computer perhaps is the most powerful invention in the world. Computer was first invented in United States in 1946. As soon as computer was invented the problem of computer crime came into existence. Computer Crime is related to the criminal justic...
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VIII. Conclusion:
Confronted with such a serious problem, we have no other choice but to deal with it with patience, confidence, overcoming, and preventing problems in such an extensive area of computer crime step by step. To conclude the paper mainly talks about the analysis of crimes, then analysis of computer crimes, nature of computer crimes, several statistics about computer crimes that took place. It also provides appropriate suggestions to prevent computer crimes, and also the problems that people, government, and businesses may face because of computer crimes, and also it talks about the punishments and law enforcements on computer crimes. Overall the discussion of computer crimes concludes the paper.
Technology affects all areas of society, forcing changes in a range of laws. Advances in computer technology have resulted in a new brand of cyber crimes such as computer fraud, computer hacking, email spam, pornography (especially when it relates to children) and stalking online. But it doesn’t just limit itself to computer related crimes. The new wave of digital recording devices create issues with privacy and new medical technology brings up moral issues in relation to cloning, genetic engineering and prolonging life (and also euthanasia).
The documentary Rise of the Hackers, focuses on the rising criminal use of hacking and how it is effecting multiple areas of technology. The documentary describes simple and complicated situations concerning hacking, but there still questions that must be answered when it comes to hacking and crime. The main question is in trying to determine why a person would choose to commit computer hacking. There are various theories already present within the criminal justice system that may explain at a micro-level and macro-level. These theories would explain why offenders would commit the crimes, but it may not answer the full scope of the question. The Routine Activities Theory would help to explain why offenders offend, why victims are victimized,
Technology has opened new encounters and opportunities for the criminal justice system. There are so many new practices of criminal activity, such as computer crimes. There are different types of computer crimes that many people become victims of every day. Computer crime is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target ("Computer Crime: Chapter 2: What Are the Crimes?", n.d.). Crimes such as data diddling, pump and dump, social engineering and spoofing are computer crimes. Even though these crimes are difficult by privacy issues, the new technology has made investigations and prosecutions well organized and effective. Though views are different on the pros and cons of specific technological changes in the criminal justice system, there is an agreement the system has changed affectedly ("Effects of Technology in Criminal Justice | eHow", n.d.).
The use of computers in homes, schools, offices, and other places has increased in the past few years due to technological developments. As computers have become important components of modern communication, their increased use has also led to the emergence of computer crimes. Computer crimes basically involve the use of a computer system to carry out an illegal activity. In attempts to lessen the frequency and impact of computer crimes, law enforcement agencies use computer forensic to investigate these offenses. Actually, computer crimes are governed by specific laws and dealt with through conducting a computer forensic investigation (Easttom & Taylor, 2011, p.337). Notably, a computer forensic investigation is usually carried out through the use of computer forensic tools, which help in collection of evidence based on the specific offense.
In today's society our most valuable commodity is not grain, steel or even technology; it is information. Because of computer networks, just about everyone can now access an astounding range of information. The Internet is international, even though 80 percent of the Internet use occurs in the United States, and a staggering amount of information on every subject imaginable is available for free. Because so many people now have access, computer crimes have become more frequent. Everyone with a computer and a modem can commit a computer crime if so inclined. Anyone, conceivably, could become a "white collar" computer criminal. When the term "white collar" crime came into wide spread use several decades ago, it was thought that certain crimes were committed by persons whom no one would normally suspect of criminal behavior: professional, "white collar" workers. In the late 1990's, however, the term "white collar" is somewhat inaccurate. The playing field has been leveled by the widespread use of computers. Now "white collar crime" tends to mean simply "non violent crime" or "economic crime." As technology becomes increasingly accessible to more and more people, it also becomes a potential tool for increasing numbers of criminals. Most computer crimes do not involve violence but rather greed, pride, or play on some character weakness of the victim. They are based on dishonesty and not force. For these reasons, computer crimes are considered white collar. Just as the term "white collar crime" designates several kinds of crime, the term computer crime also designated several types of crime.
Computer Crimes Computer crimes are a major issue in the world today. They take place in people’s homes, offices, and in lots of places. A person should be very cautious about the type of personal information that they enter on someone else’s computer as well as their own. These things could come back to haunt you in the future. Criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, target, place or tool of a crime is what we call computer crime.
Computer crime is defined as, “Criminal activity directly related to the use of computers, specifically illegal trespass into the computer system or database of another, manipulation or theft of stored or on-line data, or sabotage of equipment and data.”(1). This includes both crimes using computers and crimes against computers.
In today’s society technology is used for everything. With the invention of computers and the internet this open doors to the cyber world. Today you can do almost anything without having to leave your home. The internet gives us the opportunity of shopping online, ordering food online, working from home and video chatting with friends and family across the world. Everyone has a computer and internet access in their homes. While the internet is really convenient it also opens doors for cybercrimes, loss of privacy and the need for computer security.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of the Internet, as a result of greater amounts of online information and knowledge, commerce, entertainment and social networking. According to the Global Village (2014), in 2014, 40.7% of the world’s population uses the Internet in contrast to 20% in 2007. However, as the rate of Internet use increases so do the rate of cybercrimes, that is, crimes committed via the Internet. A report by Norton, an antivirus software maker, in 2012 found that about 431million adults experienced cybercrime per year in 24 countries. The report also found that 69% of adults have experienced cybercrime in their lifetime and there has been a 3% rise in overall cybercrime compared to the 2010 survey. This essay will argue that legal and illegal access to personal information has resulted in an increase in the number of crimes committed, both online and offline.
A crime is an action considered to be violating the law. There are various kinds of crimes, whose determination is influenced by the current living conditions. Hence, with the implementation of new technologies, and innovations such as the Internet, crimes do not only exist in the physical world, but also in the cyber world. Thus, there are many differences and similarities between these two concepts, among which the most relevant are: the scale, the reach, perception and media effect, and the speed.
Today in present, with the improvements in technology and science new concepts are integrated in our lives. Cyber crime is among those concepts that did not exist 15 to 20 years ago. In the old days only conventional crime was discussed, which refers to those traditional, illegal behaviors that most people think of as crime. In today one has to be careful not only against conventional crime but also cybercrime also known as “faceless crime” it’s the latest and the most complicated problem in the new century. Cybercrime consists of all criminal actions against communication devices in a network such as Internet, telephone lines or mobile network. Cyber crime can be observed among people at various age groups as it is easier to commit compared to other types of crime like murder, kidnapping or human trafficking.
In today's society, many aspects of crime committed on a regular basis. Civilians take advantage of people all the time using online resources such as a fraudulent website requiring credit card information to get a free monthly trial. Other examples of cyber crimes are online chatting website, full of predators or websites needing a downloadable program that contains a hacking virus. Sadly, there are many cases of cyber crime all over the internet. The acts of cyber crimes are considered violent acts like any other. Every day citizens are constantly losing money and being victimized due to these fraudulent activities. Cyber crime, including fraud, identity theft, stalking, and hacking, is a growing problem which can be prevented by taking the proper precautions.
Computer crime is a type of crime that involves computers and a network. These crimes are also referred to as cyber crimes. In this type of a crime, the computer can be used to commission the crime or the computer or the network itself is the target for the crimes. These crimes have been in the rise in the past few years. People are committing crime in the internet using computers while hiding their identity. They do this because it is difficult to trace them to their areas of hiding. These crimes target people or business. The main aim of the criminal is to intimidate their target because they have managed to access their information or they can use the information to black mail them.
With the development in technology cyber bullying and cyber crimes became a serious issue. Cyber bullying is terms as the use of electronic means of communication so as to bully an individual and most typically it occurs when one sends messages that are threatening or of an intimidating nature (Florence, 2014). Cyber crime on the other hand refers to crime that involves a network and a computer and in regard to this the computer or network may be the target (Study.com, n.d). Cyber bullying and cyber crimes are well known problem in the world but they aren’t noticed like bullying and crimes but they can be harmful and serious.
The advantages of technology and the internet have led more criminals to use cyberspace to commit crimes. The threat of cybercrime is increasing as globalization continues to spread across the world. While the impact of globalization has led to amazing, new discoveries throughout the world, Internet connectivity has also made cybercrime easier. America and the rest of the world have become more reliant on technology and use it in more aspects of their lives, technology-users make themselves more vulnerable to cyber attacks. Globalization and the growing use of computers in the world have given people a motive to learn more about computing and become more knowledgeable as programmers. As these people learn more, there is a risk that they will use their new intelligence to commit cybercrimes.