Acute lymphocytic leukemia, or ALL, is a type of cancer that starts in the bone marrow where early blood cells are made. It is also called acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (American Cancer Society, 2016). Leukemia is cancer of the blood and the blood forming tissues. It is characterized by overproduction of lymphocytes. Acute leukemias involve lymphocytes that grow rapidly, but abnormally (Leukemia, 2016). According to American Cancer Society (2016), “The term ‘acute’ means that the leukemia can progress quickly, and if not treated, then it could be fatal within a few months. Lymphocytic means it develops from early forms of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells.”
People with acute lymphocytic leukemia have too many lymphoid stem cells becoming B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes. The lymphocyte cells do not work properly causing these cells to become leukemia cells (National Cancer Institute, 2017). “Also, as the number of the leukemia cells increases in the blood and the bone marrow, there is less room for healthy white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This may lead to infection, anemia, and easy bleeding” (National Cancer Institute, 2017).
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One known risk factor to acute lymphocytic leukemia is exposure to high energy levels of radiation (Leukemia, 2016). Sometimes treating cancer with radiation therapy can higher the risk of getting leukemia. The risk can be even higher if chemotherapy and radiation are both used during cancer treatment (American Cancer Society, 2016). Another risk factor to acute lymphocytic leukemia is exposure to certain chemicals including benzene (Leukemia, 2016). Acute Lymphocytic leukemia is not inherited, but there is some inherited syndromes with genetic change that raises the risk of having it (American Cancer Society,
Many parts and systems of the human body can be impacted by cancer. The system of blood that supplies oxygen and nutrients is one such area. Leukemia is cancer that starts in the tissue that forms blood. Most blood cells are formed in bone marrow called stem cells. Bone marrow is the soft jelly-like substance in the center of bones. Once the cell is mature, it develops into different types of blood cells, each type performs a specific task. These cells include erythrocytes also known as red blood cells and leukocytes also known as white blood cells. Leukocytes are potent infection fighters and they come in the form of B-cells, natural killer cells, helper T-cells, and cytotoxic-T cells. Adoptive cellular therapy is a treatment used to help
Even though there are no known causes of leukemia there are still risk factors that may cause the disease. Some include large amounts of radiation, certain chemicals, down syndrome or other genetic problems, and smoking. Some types of...
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL): ALL affects lymphoid cells and grows quickly. More common in children between the ages of 2 and 5 years.
The Phase I trial will be discussed here as it pertains to the topic at hand. The typical treatment for cervical cancer if surgery is not a viable option – like if the cancer has spread, then called locally advanced cervical cancer – is chemotherapy and radiation treatment at the same time. This phase I clinical trial is simply looking to add ipilimumab to this regimen, but once the chemo/radiation has been completed (LACC article). Chemo and radiation destroy tumor cells, which causes tumor-associated antigens to be released. Once released, these antigens are exogenous (outside the cell) and will be presented to helper T cells to initiate an immune response.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is slow-progressing or “chronic”, cancer of the blood and bone marrow. CLL is the second most common leukemia in adults and one of the four primary types of leukemia. Certain risk factors have been identified including age, race, sex, family history of blood and bone marrow cancers and chemical exposure. Most people diagnosed with CLL are white males over the age of 60. Occurrence increases with age and a marked increase after 60. Herbicides, insecticides and Agent Orange used in the Vietnam War have shown to increase the risk of developing CLL. There are approximately 15,000 new cases diagnosed each year.
Between the ages of one and fourteen, one of the three most common reasons for fatality is cancer (. Though the types of childhood cancers are endless, the most frequent one is leukemia, which is a cancer of the blood cells. This occurs when the number of white blood cells is abnormally high and the number of red blood cells and platelets are abnormally low. In a normal blood sample the red blood cells greatly outnumber the white blood cells, making up about half of blood components in itself. When a patient has leukemia, the white blood cells increase greatly and the red blood cells decrease, causing an inability to transfer the necessary amount of oxygen throughout the body. In youth patients there are two major types of Leukemia; the ...
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a form of cancer that occurs when the lymphoid stem cell is affected thereby causing abnormal white blood cells to build up in the bone marrow. This cancer rapidly produces and replaces healthy cells with immature lymphoblast. The leukemia cells moves into the bloodstream to other organs and tissues where further growth and division occurs. The proliferation of cancer cells to other area produces a variety of symptoms. ALL typically occurs in children under the age of 15, however it can happen at any age. ALL is
- Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML): Is a cancer of the bone marrow and the blood that will progress quickly without treatment. This type of leukemia affects mainly the cells that aren’t fully developed. Therefore, making the cells not carry out their normal functions. With this type of dysfunctional activity in the cells at an early stage, this why it is very important to get care and treatment as soon as possible.
Leukemia like any other cancer is devastating especially when it affects children and especially when they are too young to understand most of what is happening to their bodies. Facts like these are what should be used to motivate researchers and caregivers to help to make the process of treatment and care for patient dealing with disease one that is pleasant and supportive. The research should be taken seriously and it is hoped that in the future a cure can be found and the cause of the disease can be explained. It is also hoped that achievements like those can give families who are coping with disease or who have lost loved ones to the disease can find closure and solace in knowing that other may not have to go through what they have.
The statistics of the disease categorize AML as most common in adults over 65 but is not necessarily rare in any age younger than that. For example, leukemia in general accounts for the most cases of childhood cancer, and AML is the second most common type found in children. On a more positive note, the survival rate for children with AML is between 60-70%. AML is less common in adults because their immune system is the stron...
The disease is known by the uncontrolled growth of blood cells, usually white blood cells in the bone marrow (“Leukemia Information”). The leukemia cells overcrowd and replace normal blood and marrow cells (“Leukemia Information”). Leukemia is likely to occur when when some blood cells have mutations in their DNA. There could be other changes in cells that could contribute to the forming of Leukemia (“Leukemia”). According to Leukemia Causes - Mayo Clinic, Certain abnormalities cause the cell to grow and divide more rapidly and to continue living when normal cells would die. Over time, these abnormal cells can crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to fewer healthy white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, causing the signs and symptoms of leukemia (“Leukemia”). Leukemia is classified based on its speed of progression and the type of cells involved
Leukemia is a cancer of the white blood cells, and leukemia cells form in the bone marrow like other normal blood cells. The exact causes of leukemia are unknown, but there are some known risk factors that may lead to leukemia. These include being exposed to radiation, smoking, undergoing chemotherapy, having a genetic disorder, having a number of blood disorders, and a family history of leukemia. There are two different categories of leukemia: chronic and acute. Chronic leukemia gets worse slowly, whereas acute leukemia gets worse quickly. Depending on the type of leukemia, the symptoms may not even be apparent. In chronic leukemia, it is not uncommon for patients to be totally unaware of their disease until a routine check-up. However, symptoms may be experienced right away in patients with acute leukemia. Some symptoms of leukemia include fever, night sweats, headaches, change of appetite, unexpected weight loss, bruising easily, bleeding easily, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, recurrent infections, and pain in the bones or joints. Conversely, these symptoms may not even be due to leukemia at all....
Leukemia is a disease in which the bone marrow and other cells are not functioning properly which produce the numbers abnormal cells. Scientist do not know the exact cause of leukemia. Some scientist say that leukemia can be cause by a DNA mutated by some blood cells. There are 4 types of leukemia, leukemia is a cancer that’s start in the blood forming cells of the bone marrow. When one of these cells changes and become a leukemia cell (cancer.org). Red blood cells and white blood cells are completely different. They both are needed for the body to function properly. The red blood carry oxygen while the white blood cells do not (wisgeek.org). If there are too much white blood cells in the body and less red blood cells in the body can led to
Leukemia is a cancer of the blood cells. Though it is thought as a children’s condition, it is actually affects more adults. This condition is more common in men than women, and more common in whites than African-American. There is nothing you can do to prevent yourself from getting this disease. In your body, there is a rise of white blood cells. All the extra white blood cells crowd the red blood cells and platelets. All the extra white blood cells don’t work right away, which causes a problem.
A characteristic of ALL is that it has a rapid onset and is seen usually in ages 2-8 but can affect different age groups. It is said that, a good portion of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia arises as a B- cell precursor. Professionals say, “ALL is associated with various alterations in the number of chromosomes and chromosomal translocations, and each specific alteration has prognostic significance” (Braun & Anderson). Possible alterations that could cause Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is “. . . Down syndrome, Ataxia-telangiectasia, and Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)” (KidsHealth, 2014). Also, children who have had radiation or chemotherapy in the past have a higher risk factor. However, this does not mean you will have cancer or doesn’t mean you will have