What constitutes the legacy of the welfare regimes? In contemporary debates two questions arise more highly than any others. Cardinally, does social citizenship decrease the convexity of class? – or otherwise presented – could the capitalist society be crucially revolutionised by the welfare state? And secondly, what are the columns that support the development of the welfare state? ( Esping-Andersen, 1990).
The essay will proceed by presenting Gøsta Esping-Andersen’s welfare regimes and their characteristics and attempt to analyse their influence in regards to social housing. Furthermore, it will narrow its focus on Britain’s liberal welfare regime - according to Gøsta Esping-Andersen - and will follow to establish the bona fide implications of the statement, in respect to social housing.
What is the welfare state? According to Esping-Andersen (1990) “it involves state responsibility for securing some basic modicum of welfare for its citizens.” However, this so-called definition falls short of covering basic concepts such as eligibility, citizenship status and working life and quality of services and benefits. Barr (2001) perceives the welfare state as an apparatus for inequality since it acts as an unlawful Robin Hood that seeks to tilt the balance towards poverty and need, thus attempting to reduce welfare discrepancies.
Esping-Andersen created the concept of welfare- state regime, which can be defined as a “complex system of legal, institutional, neatly intertwined arrangements of social policy.” (Lennartz, 2010). He describes three distinct welfare-state regimes and each can be differentiated by the amount of de-commodification. After observing 18 OECD countries, Esping-Andersen classifies them as follows: the social...
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...re that housing and the postwar welfare state have undergone considerable transitions and have a complex relationship and secondly, in the 1980’s housing in Britain was seen as the wobbly pillar under the welfare state. Britain seems to generally apply to some classifications of the liberal welfare state presenting characteristics such as means-tested benefits that ultimately lead to stigmatization and dispensed benefits that are usually intended for people who fall in the poor category, thus leaving a gap in citizenship coverage. A new hybrid structure of the liberal welfare state appears to apply to the United Kingdom, allowing further authority for the state. The paper concludes by questioning the extent to which the Three Worlds of Welfare still exist in modern society and how much did the liberal regime actually influence 20th century Britain and its policies.
This mini-paper will discuss the social welfare system. The mini-paper includes a discussion of welfare Policy, residual and institutional approach, and what is Social Welfare and Social Security. Midgely, (2009), pointed out that social welfare systems deliver services that facilitate and empower our society, especially to those persons who require assistance in meeting their basic human needs. The goal of social welfare is to provide social services to citizens from diverse cultures, and examples include Medicare, Medicaid, and food benefits. Midgley,( 2009).
When speaking about Welfare we try to avoid it, turning welfare into an unacceptable word. In the Article “One Nation On Welfare. Living Your Life On The Dole” by Michael Grunwald, his point is to not just only show but prove to the readers that the word Welfare is not unacceptable or to avoid it but embrace it and take advantage of it. After reading this essay Americans will see the true way of effectively understanding the word welfare, by absorbing his personal experiences, Facts and Statistics, and the repetition Grunwald conveys.
O?Beirne, Kate. ?The State of Welfare: An old and tricky question resurfaces.? National Review 54.2 (February 11, 2002): 1--2. Online. Information Access Expanded
As stated by the author, the “Principle of less eligibility,” meant that those receiving public assistance “should be worse than that of the lowest paid self-supporting laborer.” In a sense this meant if a person dug ditches or scooped human waste for a living, the situation of a public assistance recipient should be much worse. The author points out that in 1834, when the “Poor Law Reform Bill,” passed it enforced the negative attitudes about poverty. Essentially, if someone was poor it was viewed as their fault. Services should never lift a recipient out of poverty, but just provide meager assistance in a stigmatizing way. The author describes how impoverished individuals in England during the mid-1800’s, were viewed in negative, criminal ways if they received assistance. Furthermore, those described as “able bodied and on assistance were particularly maligned in the court of public opinion. Many of the homeless and
Blau, J. (2004). The dynamics of social welfare policy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
Esping-Anderson (1990) describes different kinds of welfare state regime types in his book “three worlds of the welfare capitalism”. His book is one of the most cited books in welfare state literature. This is because of all the good things Esping-Anderson states in his book, but also because of some arguments which are considered controversial according to some authors (see Bambra, 2007 for detailed critique). Before elaborating on the critique on Esping-Anderson, his welfare state regime types will be further elaborated on.
Housing is a key topic to focus on when it comes to social policies. The different types of housing people live in can have a mushroom effect on the way someone’s life pans out. It can even be linked to different crime rates in areas that are more deprived than others. In this essay, I will be highlighting some key ways in which housing inequality is viewed from different perspectives and the way it connects to things such as social divisions and inequalities. I will do this by comparing the perspective of housing from social policy and criminology. Then I will contrast this with
The prospect of the welfare state in America appears to be bleak and almost useless for many citizens who live below the poverty line. Katz’s description of the welfare state as a system that is “partly public, partly private, partly mixed; incomplete and still not universal; defeating its own objectives” whereas has demonstrates how it has become this way by outlining the history of the welfare state which is shown that it has been produced in layers. The recent outcomes that Katz writes about is the Clinton reform in 1996 where benefits are limited to a period of two years and no one is allowed to collect for more than five years in their lifetime unless they are exempted. A person may only receive an exemption on the grounds of hardship in which states are limited to granting a maximum of 20% of the recipient population. The logic behind this drastic measure was to ensure that recipients would not become dependent upon relief and would encourage them to seek out any form of employment as quickly as possible. State officials have laid claim to this innovation as a strategy that would “save millions of children from poverty.” However, state officials predict otherwise such as an increase in homelessness, a flooding of low-waged workers in the labour market, and decreased purchasing power which means less income from tax collections. The outcomes of this reform appear to be bleak for many Americans who reside below the poverty line. How does a wealthy country like America have such weak welfare system? Drawing upon Katz, I argue that the development of the semi-welfare state is a result of the state taking measures to ensure that the people do not perceive relief as a right and to avoid exploiting the shortfalls of capitalism ...
The ‘attack’ on social housing by Thatcher’s Government came from their belief that council and social housing was an unnecessary burden on the economy of the United Kingdom, ‘for the Conservative Government, council housing represented all that was profligate in public spending, an egregious intervention in the market, and featherbedding of the undeserving’ (Ravetz, p200, 2001). Thatcher introduced the idea that every person within society should want to own their own homes, she made this a reality through her Right to Buy policy. It has been argued that the drive behind the public ‘want’ to owns one’s own home links to the perception of power as it is the belief of some that ‘home owners are object and subject of disciplinary power’, with home ownership comes some sort of power as the owner is not answerable to a land lord (Craig, M, Gurney. 1999). This also helps to explain why people residing within social housing have long been seen to be at the bottom of society with very little power; some would say that as they do not own their own homes they have less responsibility and this has led to the assumption that people residing within social housing are lazy or in some way
The Welfare State is a system set up in Britain that takes care of its
The idea that globalization and the welfare states can conflict comes from the fact that: while globalization is based on profit maximization, the welfare states main goal is to reduce, if not eliminate inequality, insecurity and poverty through proper redistribution of wealth mechanisms. The welfare state has to enhance “people’s adaptability, so that they, whatever their skills, can turn themselves from losers into winners through their own efforts” (Dennis J. Snower. Et al.137). The point of departure is that these two concepts are related to the allocation of resources and any conflict will have to occur on that level. This paper will not analyze the responses of the welfare states to the challenges of the 1970 and 1980s but instead will look at the response of the welfare systems in the face of the increasing global integration of product and capital markets and thereafter determine how the conflict begins and ways in which it can be minimized. I will argue that globalization has happened to the expense of the welfare state and that states will have to correct its negative effects by re-establishing social justice.
Globalization has penetrated everywhere of the world and continuously reshaped the economic flow as well as social institutions. There is currently a debate on whether or not there is a conflict between globalization and welfare states. The main feature of welfare states is that governments provide a well comprehensive protection in terms of redistribution, full employment, high social and labour standards, and economic growth by adopting a series of social policies (Yeates, 2007, p.640). Because of new structure of global labour division and pressure to maintain economic competitiveness advantages, Globalization has made this full protection become more expensive for governments and uneconomic to comprehensive strengths of countries. However, this does not necessarily mean the diminishing of ‘welfare’ states as the deepening process of globalization and welfare states are concepts full of dynamics and connotations. As shown in statistical research, welfare states are updating their social policies in order to provide new effective forms of protection to their citizens instead of less engaging in supplying welfare. Moreover, although facing the mutual challenges of globalization, different countries have distinct responses given the special nature of each state. The Canadian new social policy paradigm is going to be reviewed in this paper to reveal how states could minimize the conflict between globalization and essence of welfare states.
All three articles demonstrate the various ideologies of social welfare. All of them exhibit an acceptance of the separation of the rich and poor and the ways both classes achieve various economic opportunities. All three ideologies tie in to and have influenced the factors causing the social welfare net to decline.
Binoyjoseph,josephinjodey (2009),studies in the article points outv that , the structure of welfare states rest ona social security fabric.Goverement employers, trade unions have done a lot to promise the betterement of workers
Social policy researchers very often have studied the production and sustenance of welfare policies, with their work drawing attention to different sources that are involved in the process. One of the ways in which this can be understood is through the ‘welfare triangle’.