The Effect of Temperature on Capillary Action
Design
Background Information:
Capillary Action is the ability of a liquid to flow through a narrow space without the assistance of external forces such as gravity. It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding surfaces.
There are three main variables that determine whether a liquid will posses capillary action. (Davis, 1995)
1. Cohesive Force: The intermolecular forces that cause liquids to resist separation and to remain a certain shape. This exists between molecules of the same substance.
2. Adhesive Force: The attractive forces between unlike molecules. In some cases adhesion causes the liquid to cling to the surface where it rests.
3. Surface Tension: The contractive tendency of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. This is measured in Newton.
Capillary action can only occur when the adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces, which creates surface tension in liquid. The kinetic energy produced when the liquid is heated, allows the attractive forces between the molecules to weaken and this causes them to move past each other more freely. This results in the liquid flowing more easily. Therefore temperature increases capillary action and capillary flow because of the decrease in cohesive force. The intermolecular forces between the molecules are less packed due to the increase in temperature and the surface tension in the liquid will decrease as the temperature increases and this will help the flow of the liquid through the capillary tube.
Aim: To determine the effect of temperature change on the height of water in capillary action at 8 seconds.
Research Question: How does temperature affect the height of water in...
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- Take care when handling glassware eg. Thermometers, beakers, stirring rod and test tubes, to minimize breakage keep glassware away from the edges of the bench and be careful when holding and moving them around.
- After each trial, leave equipment for 2 minutes to cool. After this when moving hot test tubes and beakers, use the heat proof gloves provided to prevent burning skin
- Wear safety goggles to prevent hot water from splashing into eyes.
Assumptions:
- Temperature of water was even throughout the beaker
- Water quality and composition is the same in each Mount Franklin Bottle.
- No impurities
References:
UC Davis GeoWiki by University of California. (2013). Cohesive and Adhesive Forces. Retrieved April 2014, from http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Macroscopic_Properties/Cohesive_And_Adhesive_Forces
A characteristic property can help identify a substance. A characteristic property will never change even when the volume of a substance is varied. A characteristic property also does not change when a substance changes state in matter. A physical property cannot identify a substance. A physical property will change when the volume of a substance is varied. It can also change when the substance changes state in matter. For example, if the volume and mass of a substance changes then the physical appearance will also change. However, the density, which is a characteristic property, will not change at all. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature that a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. The boiling point of a substance is a characteristic property because the boiling point of a substance will never change even when the volume and mass changes. The only thing that will change is the time that it takes to reach that temperature. If the mass and volume of the substance is small, then it will take a small amount of time for the substance to reach the temperature. However if the mass and volume of the substance is larger, then it will take a longer time to reach the temperature. The purpose of this lab was to see if when the volume of a substance changes so does the boiling point.
2. What observation leads you to believe there is a force of attraction between water
The experiment is aimed at giving a better understanding of the osmosis process and the different conditions in which osmosis occurs. INTRODUCTION When a cell membrane is said to be selectively permeable, it means that the cell membrane controls what substances pass in and out through the membrane. This characteristic of cell membranes plays a great role in passive transport. Passive transport is the movement of substances across the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell.
heat will stay in the cup and can only escape by rising to the surface
Paragraph 2: It is believed that as the temperature of the water increases the time it will take for the tablet to dissolve will decrease. This is believed since the temperature there will be more energy allowing the particles to get together and form a reaction allowing the ta...
The purpose of the lab was to show the effect of temperature on the rate of
The increase in temperature will therefore increase the rate of reaction. As this is the variable I am measuring I will not keep the temperature constant and therefore I will be varying it. Volume of water- if the volume of the water is increased there is more likelihood that there will be more collisions.
When put together on a plate, the noodles then become a tangled mess. The mixtures of the polymer strands will give some viscosity, a cross-linking reactant, is also present in slime to give it the non-newtonian liquid behaviour. The tangled reactants are ions that help the polymer strands connect with weak ionic bonds for a limited time. These bonds, ironically, are strong enough to hold the polymer strands together, yet, but not strong enough to make the entire thing a
Starling law of capillaries- According to the act (starling) only 85% of the watery liquid type of a substance that exists blood by filtration and separation to pass in the tissue spaces is reabsorbed. Further 15% cleans the cells interstitial liquid (fluid) and is then and there relocated into the lymphatic system for final return to its original place which is the blood.
The effect of Temperature of liquid on flow rate. - the effect of Temperature on liquid flow (turbulent/laminar) 3) The effect of the Vertical height between source and destination of the fluid on flow rate. - the effect of Vertical height on liquid flow (turbulent/laminar) 4) The effect of the Liquid's Viscosity/Density on flow rate.
From the graph 2, it is seen clearly that the relationship between purity and boil-up rate is inversely proportional to each other. In order to achieve a good separation and high purity between the liquid and the vapour must be brought to an intimate contact by counter-current flow. Increasing the vapour flow actually means decreasing the interaction time between the down flowing liquid and up flowing vapour inside the column. Hence, if ...
Scienceclarified.com, (2014). Buoyancy - Concept, How it works, Real-life applications, Key terms. [online] Available at: http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/Real-Life-Chemistry-Vol-3-Physics-Vol-1/Buoyancy.html [Accessed 28 Nov. 2014].
It is mandatory that all the lab users need to work under the supervision of the instructor or any other qualified personnel. When conducting experiments, the users need to proceed with caution and report any spills, injuries and accidents to the teacher or the person in charge. The students should be careful when handling the lab chemicals and equipment to avoid accidents (Jay, 2010). When heating substances caution should be taken not to point the test tube to yourself or a colleague. All open flames that are in use within the lab should not be unattended and always turn off all the heating equipment and water taps when not in use. All the students should ensure that no experiment should be left while in progress at all
First of all, the purpose of this lab was to determine the water’s vapor pressure at different temperatures as well as to measure the molar heat of vaporization of water using the Clausias Clapeyron equation. The first concept out of many represented in this lab is the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law is used to get the number of moles of air trapped in the 10 mL graduated cylinder. Once we cooled the system so that water vapor is extremely minute, and then we determined the number of moles of air using the ideal gas law. The number of moles of air equals to the pressure (in atm) times volume divided by constant times temperature. One would assume that when the water is heated to 80 degrees, the number of air molecules in the air bubble would decrease, but it actually stays constant. This is due to the fact that there is no air coming in or out of the cylinder. As the temperature gets closer to 80 degrees, the number of air molecules stays the same but the water vapor increases. And the bubble expands to keep the pressure at the same level. The ideal gas law was also used when the partial pressure of air in the gas mixture is calculated. This is gotten from number of moles multiplied by the constant and the constant and the whole thing divided by the volume.