Education And Literacy In George Orwell's Animal Farm

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In today's society, education and literacy play a defining role in the daily lives of people around the world. The ability to read and write is essential to the development of an individual within a society, a culture, and an economy. Daily activities such as communication through technology (internet use, texting, news sources, etc.) and understanding the world around oneself require a basic education and knowledge of literacy. To thrive in the modern world, to acquire a good job and sustain a high quality of life, it is vital to have adept literacy skills. We see this need put into action, as literacy has a significant influence on the outcomes of the major works studied this semester; namely Animal Farm by George Orwell, William Shakespeare's
We see this early on in the novel in chapter II, when the literate animals take over the farm. "The work of teaching and organizing the others fell naturally upon the pigs, who were generally recognized as being the cleverest of the animals." (Orwell, 1989). Throughout the story thereafter, the pigs come to realize the extent of their power over the other, illiterate, animals. They use this to their advantage and rule Animal Farm through manipulation. One example of this is shown in the later chapters when the pigs are able to change the ‘Seven Commandments’, which govern the rules of the farm, to fit their desires. They are able to do this without conflict as the other animals on the farm cannot read the commandments. “It ran: “No animal shall kill any other animal WITHOUT CAUSE.” Somehow or other, the last two words had slipped out of the animals’ memory.” (Orwell, 1989). Another example of the pigs using the other animals’ ignorance against them takes place in chapter IX as Boxer’s age begins to show. It becomes evident that the farm has insufficient medical supplies to care for him. The pigs then arrange for Boxer to be taken to a ‘veterinary hospital’ in Willingdon, but little do the other animals know the pigs’ actual intent is to sell Boxer for profit. “"Fools! Fools!" shouted Benjamin, prancing round them and stamping the earth with his small hoofs.
In the town of Maycomb there are four main 'classes' of people, best put by Jem in chapter XXIII; "There's the ordinary kind like us and the neighbors, there's the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the Negroes." (Lee, 1960). As Scout and Jem discuss why this is, they conclude that a family's background is what determines where they fall on the social ladder; "it's how long your family's been readin' and writin'." (Lee, 1960). This explains the order of the classes; the Finches would have all come from historically well-off families, have good jobs, and high educations. The Cunningham children can only go to school at certain times of the year when they aren't working at the farm, and the Ewells have little to no literary skills with no desire to pursue education. This definition of ‘background’ is also the reason that colored people fall to the bottom, as racism and poverty result in the majority of the colored population to be left without access to education. This also means that the white people in this society develop prejudices against people of color (they are all uneducated, all untrustworthy, all liars), and often take advantage of them. An example of this takes place in chapter XVII, as these prejudiced thoughts are what Bob Ewell relies on for his testimony against Tom Robinson. Mr. Ewell believes that the jury,

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