Economies of Spain and Germany
Economy of Germany
Germany’s Economic System the Federal Republic of Germany’s economy has now flourished despite its harsh times that have been faced throughout the decades. Most people know about Germany from its historic involvement in World War II; its successful campaign to unite East and West with the successful collapse of the Berlin Wall; and its world class development and production of automobiles. Unfortunately, what most people don’t know is that Germany continues to fight an uphill battle in keeping its established ranking among the world’s most important economic powers.
A historic look back at Germany shows that after its fall in World War II, it needed a massive rebuilding in order regain its status that it once held. Various events took place that helped it re-climb the pedestal ladder. The year 1948 brought a currency reform that was the turning point for economic reform. There was a continuous economic growth each year for Western Germany, but the strict, conservative ways of East Germany’s communist rule still slowed true growth in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). To make matters worse, the whole country experienced a significant drop in its GDP, causing a recession from 1976 through to 1985. There was a growth again for the next eight years before a major down ward spiral began in 1992. Germany’s early ‘90s spiral was attributed to the reunification of the country between 1989 and 1990. Once the two countries formed their one republic, the economy took its major tumble. Economists have figured this to be true because West Germany continued to evolve with industrial and technological breakthroughs and standards, while the communist East Germany adhered to traditional, unproductive ways that in some cases dated back to the 1940s and World War II times. So instead of combining to form an economic powerhouse, the GDP tumbled and caused a massive surge to restructure and work began to regain the decades of reform that were no longer noticeable.
The Republic formed after reunification consists of 16 states, which is still looked at and measured as East and West Germany. Despite all of these states following the established free-market economy, there is still a noticeable gap between the economies of the two sections. German government assistance of nearly $100 billion annually has h...
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The economic miracle was the high economic growth experienced by the FRG as a result of the Marshall plan and the financial reforms introduced by the finance minister, Ludwig Erhard. The financial reforms included implementing the currency reform in the Western Zones, lifting most restrictions on control prices in the market and reducing taxation. In the agriculture sector, although farmers continued to receive heavy subsidies, the structure of the economy was changed and as a consequence the proportion of the workforce employed in farming was nearly halved. This meant the economic miracle of the FRG wasn’t a total success because many people who previously had a job in the agricultural sector may find it harder to get a job elsewhere because they may have found it hard to transfer the necessary skills. However, it could still be argued that the agricultural sector was a success because although unemployment in the sector increased, the rationalisation by more mechanisation still brought about a substantial increase in production-nearly 25 per cent in the 10 years of the 1950s. Nevertheless, the agricultural sector wasn’t a total success because of the increase in unemployment in the sector. Another reason why the economic miracle wasn’t a total success was because Erhard’s implementation of the social market economy in 1948-9 did not immediately cause economic take off. The steep rise of prices which occurred was not matched by the rate of wage increases. This meant that the economic miracle wasn’t a total success because there was hardship for the poorer people in society as a result of prices rising at a faster rate than wages. Furthermore, the shortages of many resources, especially coal, led to a sharp increase in imports and a serious balance of payments deficit. This meant that the economic miracle wasn’t a total success because the German economy faced recession in 1949-50 because there was
The common length for the Longnose gar is about three to four feet. They can grow much larger depending on where in the United States they are. According to the Maryland Depart...
Weighing the contribution international students give and the value it adds to their life by allowing them to work in United States, there is every reason to grant them the right. Under good regulation and monitoring channels it can be a very effective strategy to integrate in all institutions of learning that is of importance to the government, beneficial to individuals and society.
The administration believed that NAFTA would create high-wage U.S jobs that would help expand businesses and the economy—making the U.S. the biggest exporter in the world with the biggest global market (Woods 287-288). Also, since many immigrants sought job opportunities in the U.S., NAFTA was to keep Mexicans in Mexico. Providing jobs in Mexico would allow U.S. workers to work for higher wages if there was a reduction in immigration (Woods 287). Woods also state that NAFTA would barely affect any change in the U.S., but for Mexico, there would be drastic changes. It will create even more ties and communication between the two countries. It will remove restrictions set between the two countries (288-289). Although the Clinton administration saw NAFTA creating a positive change between countries, the effects of NAFTA were the opposite of what was
Europeans and Americans have much more in common than most people think, making adjustments to life in a new country easier. Many customs are similar to practices in the United States. Germans have their own way of being German. Germany is a relatively small and densely populated country. Unlike the United States, which is a large, densely populated country.
Leick, Romain, Matthias Schreiber and Hans-Ulrich Stoldt. "Out of the Ashes: A New Look at Germany's Postwar Reconstruction.". 2010. 20 March 2014.
The German Reunification failed in its attempt to bring the two Germanys together after being separated for nearly 45 years. The myriad of negative ramifications brought about by the Reunification only strengthened the divide between the East and West Germans. The devaluation of the East German mark and depopulation of East German cities, along with unemployment and poor living conditions, instigated discontent among the East Germans. West Germany’s “taking over” of East Germany in the act of Reunification induced a lopsided economy with its Eastern half still trying to catch up to its Western half, establishing the myth of German Reunification.
Canning, Kathleen. “Responses to German Reunification.” The Journal of the International Institute. 2000. The Regents of the University of Michigan. 07 March 05
...After we consider all these points mentioned we begin to see how everything worked and connected to form one huge disaster for Germany. We start to see how all these things played a part, the reparations led to unemployment that led to no money that led to overprinting of money. How the huge consequence of the reparations led to the unsuccessful paying of it leading to the French invasion of the Ruhr which led to strikes and therefore no products to trade with. How the unstable Weimar government led to extremist parties that damaged the economy further and brought inflation to its highest. The effects were probably the worst, the starvation coupled with the disease epidemic that killed people off and the worthless tonnes of paper notes roaming around the nation. It all in all was a very bad time in Germany one that they always found it hard to recover from.
Every year, more and more International students are coming to the U.S. for pursuing higher education. According to the Open Doors report published annually by the Institute of International Education (IIE), the number of intern...
Later, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross went on to write another famous book, “On Grief and Grieving,” which focused more on the intrinsic role/impact of grief pertaining to loss of any kind, and not just death. History is witness to the fact that grief has affected every individual in varying degrees at various stages of life; therefore, the complexity of the way grief is internalized and expressed is a unique personal experience after a major loss. While anthropologists, sociologists, and psychologists contend that grieving is one of the few rites of passage that is cross-culturally and cross-historically consistent (Archer, 1999; Gilbert, 2006; Parkes, 2001; Rosenblatt, 1993, 2001), the emergence of grief as a topic worthy of psychological study is a phenomenon that has its root in the early 20th century (Archer, 1999). Almost everyone, at some point in time, experiences events that can be considered as major losses (Harvey and Weber 1998). A major loss can be considered as the loss of a loved one, body part, home, friendship, relationship, possessions, status, pet, job, game, or loss of any
The first approach of “Free Trade” came on September the 26th 1985 when Bill Mulroney, the Canadian Prime Minister and leader of the Canadian Progressive (socialist) Conservative Party met with American President Ronald Reagan to discuss the possibility of creating a free trade compact with the U.S.A. On October the 4th 1987 the essential negotiations came to a conclusion creating the first draft of a North American Free Trade Agreement. On January the 2nd 1989 America and Canada sign the first draft of a “Free Trade Agreement” creating the possibility of merging all of North America’s economies to compete in the global market. With the probability of Mexico entering the agreement and the idea of cheap labor for both Canadian and A...
The critical analysis of this project is ongoing. The results of the Pre- and Post-Test showed improvement in the participants both in awareness and acceptance of their grief. However, further study and analysis is necessary to determine the long-term effects both from the five-day session and subsequent counseling.
...thus making in him ineffective. If Frank chooses to deny Tusk’s requests, he could find himself not being recommended to be the Vice President and all of his hard work could very well be soon forgotten. While this may be a step back from what Frank was hoping, he may still be able to continue to destroy those within President Walker’s cabinet. Frank ends up being an opportunist in this scenario as he finds it’s more pragmatic for him to make his own solution. By creating a ton of commotion through his other connections, he is able to strong-arm Tusk into an agreement in which he and Tusk will work together in an equal and loyal partnership because Frank realizes that Tusk needs him in order to pass the foreign policies (pertaining to China) that are within his interests. Tusk ends up giving in to this proposal and deciding to vet Frank for the Vice Presidency.
As it began, our century drew to a close, with Germany once again the economic powerhouse and political hub of Europe. What is remarkable is how quickly this happened, how unbidden and unanticipated: the toppling of the Berlin Wall in November 1989; the reunification a year later; the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in late December 1991; a resurgent impetus to West European integration in 1992; and NATO enlargement, which was consecrated in April 1999. Unquestionably, this chain of events has profoundly affected Germany’s situation over the past decades. For the first time since the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in 1949 and the painstaking process of creating democratic institutions, the German elite must look beyond the continuing task of state building and deal with a set of formidable new problems. Germany is the only country in the world now having to deal with parallel modernization processes: the modernization of the former (West German) Federal Republic of Germany and, simultaneously, the transformation in the former German Democratic Republic from a Communist state-controlled economy to a liberal and social-market economy. Pressures induced by economic and political changes are currently being felt in many European nations, yet a reunited Germany faces a more specific and poignant challenge: In its role as a central power at the heart of Europe, Germany bears a tremendous political responsibility to itself and the whole continent, both for historical reasons and because of its geopolitical location. With that said, it is only through evaluation of the positives and negatives for both Germany and Europe as a whole that we can assess wh...