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Essay on continental drift and plate tectonics
Essay on continental drift and plate tectonics
Tectonic Plates And Their Movements
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There’s no place like home. Home has your room for you to sleep in, it has food for you to eat, and you have your family to surround yourself with. Just like that, Earth has all the necessities for us to survive on. It has water for us to drink, air for us to breathe, and terrain for us to live on. Unlike other planets, Earth is the only planet whose name does not come from Greek or Roman Mythology. Its German name is Erde, which means dirt or ground. More than two-thirds of the Earth is covered in water. Earth is the third planet from the sun and is the biggest of the inner rocky planets. In the end, Earth has everything we need to live and is the only planet to have known to support life..
The formation of Earth all started with a cloud of dust and gas drifting in space about 4,600 million years ago. Bacteria and blue-green algae were the first known forms of life but only seemed to appear 3,500 million years ago. More plants and animals species came about 570 million years ago and evolved from then on. Some have succeeded on till today but others including the dinosaurs. The seven continents neared their present locations roughly about 50 million years ago, but still however drift very slowly over our planet’s surface. The mountain ranges including the Himalayas began to form 40 million years ago, which are still contentiously being built up and worn away.
The planet Earth is consists of four layers on the inside. At the very center is the inner core. According to scientists, the inner core is supposedly a hot ball of solid iron and nickel, with temperatures as hot as up to 11,000F. It’s with all of the massive weight pressing around the inner core it is thought to be a solid. Right outside of the inne...
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... water moves around the Earth causing our weather. The average weather in an area during a long period of time is climate.
Earth has three major climate zones. There are the cold polar regions, the hot humid tropics near the equator, and the warm temperature areas in between. The climate zones can be even more divided using other things that affect the temperature, such as the height of the land and the distance from the mountains or sea. The higher the land, the temperature is lower, while the ocean keeps coastal areas warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer.
220 million years ago all of the continents were joined making one huge continent called Pangea, meaning “all Earth.” It was at about 110 million years ago the continents started to split apart. The dinosaurs still conquered the Earth, but more mammals and the first birds had started to appear.
About 20 million years ago the last part of the Farallon sea floor plate subducted under the North American plate. This put the North American plate and the Pacific plate into contact, but unlike the Farallon sea floor plate, the Pacific plate sheared against the side of the North American plate. Because there was no plate subducting, the North American plate was in direct contact with the mantle (Tierney, 29). Heat from the mantle made the continental crust more ductile, which allowed the crust to extend and thin.
During this period land plants evolved. This was a huge deal. More evolved organisms developed...
Scientists have determined that weather systems are changeable. Over a large amount of time, the earths tilt changes, causing the axis’s to tilt more one way then it used to, and thus changing the weather. Greenhouse gasses may also change the weather, making our climate either much hotter or much cooler. Ice caps and deserts have one thing in common, one small change in the weather can change them- and they will change the world.
Mother earth has gone through a lot of changes throughout its four and a half billion-year existence. Earth has seen many different climates and many different species. Because of these changes geologists have broken earths history into different time periods. One such time period was the Pennsylvanian time period. The Pennsylvanian time period is a subdivision of the Carboniferous period. The Pennsylvanian period saw the introduction of many different species that are still present today along with a very different climate and different geographical features than are present today.
The so called ‘Cambrian Explosion’ was a period of rapid diversification of animal life on earth. It took place approximately 550 million years ago (it bears mentioning that estimations of geological time this far back are fairly rough). There is some dispute over just how long the ‘explosion’ lasted. Scientists traditionally proposed a duration of about 30 million years (Ward and Brownlee, p. 137). However, some new evidence collected in Russia may indicate a much shorter timescale- 5 to 10 million years (Kerr 1993, p. 1274).
The Jurassic period was the second segment of the Mesozoic Era. It occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 millions years ago, following the Triassic Period and preceding the Cretaceous Period. During the Jurassic Period, the supercontinent Pangaea split apart. Laurentia, the northern half, made up what would eventually form North America and Eurasia. The creation of these opened basins for the central Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The southern half, Gondwana, drifted into an eastern segment that now forms Antarctica, Madagascar, India, and Australia, and a western portion that forms the present Africa and South America. This rifting, along with generally warmer global temperatures, allowed for diversification and dominance of the reptiles known as dinosaurs. Along with dinosaurs, several different types of life and rock formations emerged during the Jurassic period.
Furthermore, weather is conditions that occurred very recently or are currently happening at a particular location. For example, people might say, “The sky is really clearing up!” or maybe, “It snowed 6 inches last night.” The current temperature, dew-point, relative humidity, cloud cover, and precipitation all have to do with the weather. The fundamental cause of weather is the effect of the Sun and the Earth due to the fact that
The time between the formation of the earth and the beginning of the Cambrian(about 570mya) is a 4000 my long period known as the Precambrian, this includes approximately 90% of geological time of which we know very little about as pre-Cambrian rocks are poorly exposed, many have been eroded or metamorphosed and fossils are seldom found.
4) Oceanic circulation-Ocean currents have the potential to affect Earth’s climatic condition. This is because they have the capacity to carry a large amount of heat. Winds blowing over cooler currents become cold and the areas over which they blow have their temperature reduced. Similarly if winds blow over warmer currents, the wind picks up heat and areas over which the wind blows sees temperature increase. If winds blow over evaporating currents the pick up moisture and bring rain to the areas over which they blow.
Earth By earth they mean dryland and the ground, which consists of soil, dirt and rocks. The earth signifies form, structure, security and stability. Mother Earth is the ancient spiritual symbol which gave us life and formed all living things (plants, animals, etc.). Earth is what nurtures life, its always stable, solid and almost unchanged.
Core/Interior: The Earth has three layers to it's interior, the inner core, outer core, and mantle. Of these the outer core is thought to be liquid. Like most of the terrestrial planets at birth, the Earth has been molten and undergone some differentiation allowing the heavy material which is consisting mostly of an iron, nickel, and cobalt core making it's density five and a half times the density of water.
caused this global shrinkage. Mercury is also " . . . enriched in metal or depleted of rock " (Morrison, 74, 1993). It is also believed that some of the inner core of Mercury is still in a fluid state.
Climate change is caused due to the release of few carbon compounds into the atmosphere, which drastically brought the weather changes all over the world. Climate change is not confined to a single region. It has become an important issue all over the world for the past few years.
Nature is something that no one can be 100 percent sure about and changes in any period of time. The earth’s temperature is dependent on the balance of the energy entering and leaving the planet. According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), change in the planets orbit can lead to an increase on the climate on the planet. Nature also has an effect on climate change with external events, events that are not on the climate system. Volcanic eruptions and change in solar radiation are two of the external events that cause climate to change on earth. Although these two events cause the climate to change, they only have a short term effect (Canada). Islands and dry place are more common to have an increase in temperature because of the amount of energy that is generated and released back to the atmosphere. As the ozone is breaking down, the amount of solar energy being generated and released to the atmosphere is greater than before, which produces an increase on the world’s climate. Movement of crustal plates is also something that changes the climate on earth. The Northern Hemisphere usually gets warmer than the Southern Hemisphere due to the amount of land mass the Northern Hemisphere has. Around every eleven years, according to CSI, the amount of dark sunspots on the sun decrease from the maximum amount of sunspots to the minimum amount. Scientist call
Earth system refers to the earths interacting physical, biological, and chemical processes. The system consists of land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. The earth system has four spheres, including the geosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. The geosphere refers to the solid parts of the earth system, including earth’s rocky crust, mantle, and the metallic core. Within the geosphere is the lithosphere, which only refers to the uppermost layers of solid earth. The uppermost layers of solid earth are the oceanic and continental crust rocks. Just below the crust is the mantle, which is composed mostly of magnesium and iron silicate minerals. The mantle accounts for about 2/3 of the