Chapter - 01
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
1.1 What is Governance .?
Governance is the term which is described as the process by society steers itself. Which is used foo interaction between the public sector and civil sector .government take collective decision for public sector as well as civil. At Initial level the Governance emerged and was applied in the urban context to cope more efficiently with local problem solving. ICT is used in Overall governance process at all level from State to District, District to block and Block to common people.
In Civil Society, NGO (Non-Government Organizations) and professional associations to prepare opinion and effective decision making processes that affect them. In the modern era of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) the government can improve the service delivery by supporting e-Government which
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e-democracy: e-Democracy ensure the greater and more active citizen participation its also increasing the engagement of citizens in public decisions and actions. The rationale is to make public decisions more responsive to citizens' view or needs by opening information flows from citizens to government. Some examples are citizen panels, forums and petitions, opinion polls, referendums, online voting.
1.5 Good Governance tools for ICT
• We have lot of tools which is used for e-Governance by which we can allow users to connect and communicate with each other through one or more of the following technological channels:
• E-mail Services for one-to-one communications.
• Forms which can used for One to one and one to many communications.
• Instant messaging is used for one-to-one and few-to-few
• Mailing lists and newsgroups used for many to many communications.
• Chat rooms (one-to-one and one-to-many as well as many-to-many)
These tools are allow people to communicate, give feedback, ask questions, complain, exchange information, and build relationships.
1.6 Examples of e-governance
OECD has noted that Electronic government particularly refers to the use of the Internet as a tool to achieve better government (OECD 2003). Effective e-government seeks to achieve greater efficiency in government performance by making services easier to access, ensure accuracy, and improved efficiency (Almarabeh and Abu Ali, 2010). While government is still seen as inefficient, ineffective, or unresponsive and depriving citizens of abilities to engage in public affairs, e-government becomes a natural extension of the technological revolution that has accompanied the knowledge society by adding new concepts such as transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in the evaluation of government performance (Mohammad et al. 2009). E-government has the potential to increase transparency in public administration by making it easier to relay information of activities to those being governed (Drüke 2007). La Porte, Demchak, and De Jong (2002) also argue that a change in current management techniques to include more collaborative relationships can help government become more efficient, effective, and
Jack O’Brien, the head, was convinced that the tools would provide a robust means to communicate the project status to management and to identify critical issues.
The tools that are in place to deal with these challenges come in many different forms. For example, in handling family responsibilities, I have a very
... result of a direct democracy, complications like getting every citizen to vote on every single issue, something close to impossible with modern populations that grow like grass in springtime. These changes have caused democracy to become intertwined with other forms of government, and while they have caused a deviation from pure democracy, they have allowed countless nations to function efficiently while maintaining the basic pillar of democracy: that ultimate authority and power is derived from the citizens.
...ation, or more efficient government management (worldbank.org, n.d). E-government [2] that describe the patterns of interactions of digital governments with the public: The first stage of e-government focuses on “digital presence” with simple information-providing Web sites of a passive nature, namely a digitization of government information. The second stage provides simple Web-based interactions of governments with citizens, businesses and other government agencies through email contact and interactive forms that can dynamically provide information needed. The third stage of this evolution provides online transaction services such as license renewal, permit applications and tax payments. The next stage is when the government promotes shared governance to transform how the government operates, in terms of seamless information flow and collaborative decision making.
This paper is going to explore the topic of e-democracy. As our society becomes more enthralled with technology and communication via the Web, it is important to consider what kind of methods and tools we use to communicate about issues that vastly affect everyone. Although some believe that there are positives and negatives regarding e-democracy, every subject is going to have pros and cons. Throughout this paper, I am going to explore what the “mainstream” media has written about e-democracy and both the positives and negatives of it as well. By using previous research, I would like to express why I think e-democracy’s positives outweigh the negatives and how society can benefit from such a technological breakthrough.
Public Administration involves the development, implementation and management of policies for the attainment of set goals and objectives that will be to the benefit of the general public. Since Public Administration involves taking decisions that affect the use of public resources there is often the question of how to utilize public resources for maximum public good. The National Association of Public Administration has identified four pillars of public administration: economy, efficiency, effectiveness and social equity. These pillars are equally important in the practice of public administration and to its success. This paper seeks to explain the role of each of the pillars in the practice of public administration.
4. To communicate with other computers, either one at a time (Instant message) or many at once (chat rooms or discussion groups).
On a large scale, governance describes methods a governing body uses to ensure its citizens follow established protocol. At the macro level, there is a loosely coupled organizations structure that supervises and maintains respons...
The public sector faces an increasing pressure to run government like a business; to be more cost efficient, as small as possible, competitive, entrepreneurial, and focused on customer satisfaction. When the focus shifts to incorporating business practices in public administration, the quality of the public service decreases and the interaction becomes less about a commitment to public service and more like the manufacture and marketing of a product.
E-commerce application is a platform where there is buying and selling of products and services which are done by businesses and consumers via an electronic medium
Corporate governance is the set of guidelines that determines the control and organization of a particular company. The company’s board of directors is in charge of approving and reviewing changes to this set of formally established guidelines. Companies have to keep in mind the interests of multiple stakeholders, parties who have an interest in the company. Some of these stakeholders include customers, shareholders, management, and suppliers. Corporate governance’s focus is concentrated on the rights and obligations of three stakeholder groups in particular: the board of directors, management, and shareholders. Corporate governance determines how power is split between these three stakeholders. A company’s board of directors is the main stakeholder that influences the corporate governance of a company (Corporate Governance).
In true democracy, there is no doubt that voices will rise against the ideas for public participation. Over the past years, certain visible feature relating to public participation and the increase and there had been a rise on the decision making process where citizens get involved. The public participation in the policy process, to truly implement the principles of democracy of the public process should aim to be rational and fair to achieve effectiveness.
Even though bureaucratic administration principles were functioning efficiently for many years since its inception, it is claimed that inadequate to meet the current demands of citizens. Therefore, the New Public management (NPM) approach was developed in UK to substitute the traditional model of public administration in 1980s and 1990s as a response to the insufficiency
The above discussion outlines some of the very few reasons for governments commence on Alternative service delivery mechanisms to ensure better service delivery. This was attained by explaining a few vital concepts in alternative service delivery , while giving a better understanding of what Alternative service delivery is. This essay also recognized the roles played by voluntary associations and private contractors in Alternative service delivery mechanisms. In addition, this essay illustrated the concept of alternative service delivery mechanisms by employing e-governance, that is the use of modern technology in the public sector to create a better communication between the government and civil society while also empowering civil society.