Does Concentrated Acid or Diluted Acid React Faster?
Plan
I am going to carry out a reaction between Magnesium ribbon and
Hydrochloric acid. The aim of this investigation is to work out which
reacts faster, concentrated acid or diluted acid. I will judge if the
reaction is fast or slow by observing the bubbles which occur during
the reaction and also observe if the Magnesium has disappeared. Only
the concentration of the acid will be changed - the Magnesium is a
solid.
Magnesium + Hydrochloric Acid Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl(aq) + H2 (g)
There are four main factors which may affect rate of reaction. These
are: -
1. Concentration
2. Temperature
3. Catalyst
4. Surface area
CONCENTRATION- if the concentration of the acid is increased, the rate
goes faster. In a concentrated acid there are more particles in it
this means that there is a more chance of successful collisions
occurring. If the acid was diluted, there are not many acid particles,
which means that there is not much chance of an acid particle hitting
a magnesium atom. At the start, there are plenty of Magnesium atoms
and acid particles but they get used up during successful collisions.
After, a time there a fewer Magnesium atoms and the acid is less
concentrated so the reaction slows down. This graph shows this: -
volume of hydrogen
Time Diluted Acid Concentrated Acid
= Acid particle = water molecule = Magnesiumatom
TEMPERATURE - at low temperatures the particles of reacting substances
don't have enough energy. So if the substances were heated this would
mean the particles take in energy. This causes them to move faster and
collide vigorously very often. Also making more successful collisions.
Therefore the rate of reaction increases.
CATALYST - using a catalyst can speed up reactions. If there is a
catalyst in the reaction then the collision needs less energy in order
to be successful. This results into more collisions becoming
successful, so the reaction goes faster, catalysts are very important
in industry. Reactions are speeded up at low temperatures, which means
less fuel is needed so money is saved.
SURFACE AREA - if the Magnesium had a large surface area the atoms in
the outer layer will only collide with the acid particles but if the
metal was powdered, many more atoms are exposed, so there is a greater
chance of successful collisions.
Concentrated Acid = Acid particle = water molecule = Magnesium atom
COLLISION THEORY
The Collision Theory is used to predict the rate of reaction. The
Theory is based on the fact that for a reaction to take place, it is
have either not stir the mixture or use a machine to stir it at the
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