Have you ever needed to conduct psycho therapy on someone but you didn’t know how? Fear no more, because I am about to tell you about the 4 main methods of therapy, which will let you help your friends and relatives in ways that you never thought possible before. The four types of therapy I will be talking about today are psychoanalytical, humanistic, cognitive, and behavioral. You may want to determine what method best suits you, or what method will best suit the situation you or your friend is faced with. The psychoanalytical method involves just that, analyzing the psyche. When using this method, your goal would be to replace a person’s self detrimental behavior with positive behavior that will help them reach their personal goals of normality. You may also wish to reduce their inappropriate feelings of anxiety and guilt, leading them to more feelings of happiness and joy. There are 3 techniques used in this method of therapy, and they are free association, dream analysis, and transference. Free association involves letting the patient relax and say whatever comes to mind, revealing what they are really thinking in their subconscious. Dream analysis involves analyzing the contents of dreams, which can also be broken down into the manifest content and the latent content. Manifest content is the apparent images and scenes that the patient remembers and is describing from the dream, while latent content is the actual meanings behind the manifest content. Transference is the concept that because the analyst listens to the patient so much and relates to them, they become a sort of parent figure to the patient, and the analyst can use this to their benefit by asking questions only a parent could ask. This has been the psych... ... middle of paper ... ...tized to it. Aversive conditioning involves replacing an old, positive response to a stimulus with a new, negative one. An example of this is instead of feeling relaxed after smoking a cigarette, a therapist might make a patient feel another negative emotion like embarrassment or fear. The last method of behavioral therapy is operand conditioning, which has been used for years and is simply rewarding someone for good behavior and withdrawing the reward for bad. In conclusion, after reading this essay you should be better able to help your friends and loved ones with the problems they may face through the use of psycho therapy. You should be able to pick one or more of the four types of therapy and choose one that is right for you and your personality, combined with the situation you are faced with. Who knows, you might even become famous for your talents someday.
The psychoanalytic therapy was developed by Sigmund Freud. It is considered the foundation or modern day psychiatry, psychology, and counseling and is the gage by which all therapies have been measured. Psychoanalytic therapy consists largely of using methods to bring out unconscious thought that can be worked through. It focuses on childhood experiences that are analyzed though discussions that are reconstructed, and interpreted.
“Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior” (Cherry). Positive reinforcement which is praising a person for doing something good verses negative reinforcement which is an unpleasant remark a punishment. B.F. Skinner did an experiment on a rat, the rat was taught to push two buttons, one to receive food and the other was a light electric shock. The rat tried both buttons and realized which button was good and which one was bad. This experiment goes to show that upon the rewards and punishment system one can learn their rights from their wrongs through a series of lessons. Kincaid and Hemingway both use operant conditioning to show human behavior under stimulus control.
Daniel, Pamela. "Types of Therapy for Mental Health." CRS - Adult Health Advisor (2013): 1.
Client support emerges from one-month sessions in which the arrangements made throughout the course of the short-term IPT thus reinforced. The primary goal is to avoid the stress of expanded social interplay from preempting to the new experience of depression and auxiliary the present client capacity partly at the level when he or she was in regular sessions has ended. As well as actually addresses problems of grief and difficulties that a person may experience in his or her relationships with family (Wedding & Corsini). IPT also adequately addresses issues of pain and complications that a patient may suffer in his or her relationships with progeny and friends. The weakness of IPT has not conclusively proven to treat psychotic disorders. Another drawback of this form of interpersonal psychotherapy is that it is dependent on a client completing the 12-16 week course of treatment. If a person drops out of therapy before completing the recommended number of homework assignments, as well as treatment sessions, it is unlikely that he or she will take full advantage and find lasting relief from depressive
The second stage in the psychodynamic therapy process is, the transference stage. In this stage the development of treatment is set and now it is the patient’s time to let their feelings out. The patient expresses those feelings, emotions, fears, and desires to the therapist without having to worry about censorship. The feelings and behavior of the patient become more pronounced and become a vital part of the treatment itself. During this stage the therapist could experience and better understand of the patient’s past and how it impacted their behavior in the
Aversion therapy is a treatment method in which a person is conditioned to dislike a certain stimulus due to repeated pairing with an unpleasant stimulus (Good Therapy, 2017). Alex undergoes this form of therapy when he is strapped into a chair with his eyes being held open against his will. He is exposed to films demonstrating scenes of sexual assault, violence, and coercion by particular leaders. Alex does not have the option to leave the chair or blink as one of the experimenters continuously puts eye drops in his eyes. Prior to the films, Alex is injected with a medication that causes a response of nausea and sickness.
Operant conditioning is a kind of conditioning, which examines how often a behavior will or occur depending on the effects of the behavior (King, 2016, pg. ). The words positive and negative are used to apply more significance to the words reinforcement or punishment. Positive is adding to the stimulus, while negative is removing from the stimulus (King, 2016). For instance, with positive reinforcement, there is the addition of a factor to increase the number of times that the behavior occurs (King, 2016). An example of positive reinforcement is when a child is given an allowance for completing their household chores. The positive reinforcement is the allowance which helps to increase the behavior of doing chores at home. In contrast with negative
In regards to aversive conditioning, I believe that it would be too easy to just be frustrated with the therapist for putting you through the conditions. For example, there have been medicines that make clients sick if they drink alcohol, but they stop taking the medicine so that they may drink; there have been nail bitters who put a special, rather gross tasting, nail polish on to prevent nail biting, that just stopped using the nail polish to allow themselves to bite their nails.
Habituation is an example of conditioning. Most behavioral modification relies on conditioning of one form or another, whether by pairing a desired result with a reward, or by discouraging an unwanted behavior by removing a reward (typically attention of one form or another). Reinforcement of conditioning is accomplished through consistent reaction to behavior either rewarding or discouraging behaviors that are desirable or undesirable. Desensitization takes this technique to its extreme by flooding the animal with the stimulus in increasing stages until it stops
Humanistic Therapy first originated from Carl Rogers in the 1950s. This type of therapy is most associated with client-centered therapy, meaning the client controls the majority of the therapy. Carl Rogers (1965), believes transparency is crucial in the relationship between the client and therapist (Rogers, 1965). He wants the client to be able to read the therapist and see through them to know the therapist is real and wants to help (Rogers, 1965). According to McLeod (2008), the core conditions for humanistic therapy include; congruence between the therapist and client, the client receiving unconditional positive regard from the therapist, and the therapist being empathetic to the client (McLeod, 2008, p. 3). It is important that the client feels as though they aren’t being judged by the therapist, but also according to Chu (1998) “safety is created as the therapist demonstrates patience, caring, and the willingness to engage interpersonally (Venart & Webber, 2012 p. 2) . If empathy and unconditional positive regard are not used in therapy, the client will not be able to trust the therapist, therefore not sharing how they feel, ultimately not getting any help.
Psychoanalytical therapy is a very popular approach for some therapist; similar to many other approaches this therapy relies on the therapeutic alliance that is formed between the therapist and the client. Freud felt that every communication between patient and therapist be seen as a manifestation of transference and countertransference (Catty, 2004). Transference is a major contributor in this approach, as this is when the client’s unconscious shifts from the past to the present and the client react to their feelings and fantasies. Catty (2004) argued that transference reactions are unrealistic and inappropriate, but genuinely, truly felt by the client. However, transference and countertransference are always present and may not be brought about by this modality.
What is most important regarding this type of therapy, is the real goal for the individual going through it. Psychotherapy uses the concept of internal conflict, to better understand how a person reacts the way they do. So, using association on the part of the psychologist, the individual experiences old
Shelder (2010) describes seven distinguished features of Psychodynamic approach compared to other available therapy forms in his review: focus of effect in relation to client’s express of emotions; understanding resistance in terms of avoidance of important topics and/ or distracting behaviors in therapy sessions; exploring client’s patterns in terms of behaviors, reasoning, emotions, experiences, and connections to others; bringing in the client’s past; examining relational factors and dealings; highlighting the importance of therapy, and bringing in dreams, wishes, or fantasies for exploration.
The following essay will look at what it takes to be an effective and professional counsellor through discussing what counselling is, its processes, the setting in which it is undertaken, the characteristics, necessary skills needed and the ethics involved in counselling.