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Financial Intermediaries Theories
Compare equity financing to debt financing
Types of finacial intermediaries
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Q1) Discuss the two primary ways in which capital is transferred between savers and borrowers. The two primary ways in which capital is transferred between savers and borrowers are by direct transfer of money and securities and through a financial intermediary. Talking about direct transfer, companies sell their stocks or bonds directly to the investor which is the savers we are talking over here. Main thing of direct transfer is that the companies will straight away head for the investors, throughout the process, none of the financial intermediary will involve in this business. This business is purely between the firm (Borrowers) and the investors (Savers). So how does direct transfer work between the savers and borrowers? The firm (Borrowers) sell their stocks and bonds to investors (Savers) in order to create a gain in money for example expanding purposes. It refers to the firm is borrowing money from the investor by selling them stocks or bonds for many wide range of purposes. A bond is functioned like a loan between investor and firm. The investor agreed to give a certain amount of amount of money for period of time into exchange for time to time interest payments. When the investor loan reaches the maturity date, thus the loan is given back. Another method which capital is being transferred is through a financial intermediary. Going through a financial intermediary will need to include one more party as compared to direct transfer. For this intermediary, the savers will likely have to invest funds with the intermediary instead of the company directly. The intermediary will serve as a middle person. An example of financial intermediary will be a commercial bank. Commercial banks normally connects with customers that have... ... middle of paper ... ... let Michelle know that if she purchases the shares how liquid is the shares liquidity form. That is one of the factor we have to let her know she will gain money when she sell her shares more than what she purchased. Changes in the economy can affect the share price to rise or fall, so if let say the leading technology company fails in some part of the a random year while Michelle have already purchased the shares, her share value will become worthless because it does not have any worth value anymore, no one would purchase the shares from her as the company would not gain any more capital. I would suggest Michelle to be diversified, maybe spreading out some of the amount she willing to purchase on bonds instead of putting everything on shares, she might not earn profits as much but however this can lower the risk and cut the losses if the company happen to fall.
My conclusion is that the protagonist should buy more stock of Costco Wholesale Corporation as she concluded the company is growing at manageable rate without relying on debt or equity. They are with high sales or profit, low labor costs, and consistent growth. Costco seems to be a low risk stock that is performing well with long term stability for more
1. What is the difference between primary and secondary capital. How is relevant to this case?
A strong financial system was formed through agriculture, trading, and the production of art. They share except...
B. At most the bank could lend out would be 80% of the amount that they have on hand based on the 20% reserve rate ratio. By using the equation (change in 1/R) * change in R it would be 20% *10,000 equaling the 50,000 that the banking system as a whole can lend out. They are required to keep 20% in their own reserves which is why what they have left is 50,000 available to lend out. This is due to the fact that as a whole the maximum a bank can lend out is the excess of their required reserves.
Capitalists invest money in factories, materials and hiring workers to produce goods for sale. When goods are sold they make a profit. The capitalists' money, repeatedly invested in production and recouped in the form of profits, is called capital. It grow...
In the first part, “the foundation” is explained and details about the five main dominating banks. The rating agencies are discussed as well as they do not have a reliable rating system for financial institutions. The second part is about the “mortgage boom” in US and how it leaded toward the debt burden and how money is created out of thin air. The third part is about “the crisis” which was warned by advisers
provided by the government. This meant that the new bank debt would be the most senior piece in and would
International Capital mobility- the free flow of investment financing from one country to another is a hot topic in the world of economics. A common question that rises when discussing this matter is, does capital mobility benefit developing countries? As with most other subjects the answers tend to vary.
Debt capital refers to money borrowed. Examples of this include bonds and short-term commercial paper. Bonds are more widely used because it provides a company with years to come up with the principal while paying interest only. Bonds are rated (i.e. AAA, AA, BB, etc.), these ratings correspond to the risk of default. The higher the rating, the lower likelihood of default and therefore a lower interest rate accepted by the lender. Short-term commercial paper is typically...
Binhammer, H. H. & Peter S. Sephton. Money, Banking and the Financial System. Nelson, 2001.
...reditor to a corporation is there are legal protections in place giving the bond invester first rights of payment before payment is received among stock owners in the same corporation.
1. Which of the monetary tools available to the Federal Reserve is most often used? Why?
Capital markets are markets "where people, companies, and governments with more funds than they need (because they save some of their income) transfer those funds to people, companies, or governments who have a shortage of funds (because they spend more than their income)" (Woepking, ¶3). The two major capital markets are stock and bond markets. Capital markets promote economic efficiency by moving funds from those who do not have an immediate need for it to those who do. Individuals or companies will put money at risk if the return on the intended investment is greater than the return of holding risk-free assets. An example of this would be those that invest in real estate or purchase stocks and bonds. Those that invest want the stock, bond, or real estate to grow in value or appreciate. An example of this concept would be if an individual or company invested an amount saved over the course of a year. While investing may be riskier, these individuals hope that the investment will yield a greater return than leaving the money in a savings account drawing nominal interest. In this example the companies that issue the stocks or bonds have spending needs that exceed their income so the company will finance their spending needs by issuing securities in the capital markets. This is a method of direct finance because the "companies borrowed directly by issuing securities to investors in the capital markets" (Woepking, ¶5).
· Capital Expenditure Used for buying fixed assets where large sums of money are involved but they are not purchased often e.g. new premises. List and explain factors that determine how much and what type of finance a business might need. · Size of the Business. · Type of the Business.
Investment objectives are different for different people in their life. They are all depending on risk and return factor. It also depends on an individual how they manage their risk. This phenomenon is called risk-aversion, “people need to be compensated with proper return against the value of the risk they take”. The main goals of this project are to investigate possible investment opportunities, logically evaluate their corresponding risks and benefits, and make refined investment judgements. Investing money into unpredictable, unstable, and uncontrollable components can be extremely risky. However, with intelligent decisions, investing can yield significant capital gains, stability, and security.