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Descartes distinction between mind and body
How does descartes argue dualism
Descartes distinction between mind and body
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1.) In your own words describe Descartes “dualism” and describe determinism. You will need approximately two large paragraphs. (2 pts.)
Dualism was the late Rene Descartes understanding of psychology. He felt as though humans were influenced by the separate reaction of mind and body. Descartes view makes me think of living a past life, basically where you have reincarnated someone else’s soul into your body. Making them two. He felt that your physical body was different than the mind and soul that possessed you to react. We still use some of Descartes idea in present day sayings. I have used the saying “My mind is saying one thing but my heart is telling me another”. As if the two have different views or needs.
Determinism is a view that everything has already been laid out and planned the way it is going to be. I believe Determinism’s name comes from the thought of it being “predetermined” as if it is destiny or fate. You react based on your internal and external environment which has already been created for you. Almost like a waterfall effect. I frequently use the saying “everything happens for a reason”. Which after reading into determinism, I realized that saying is the definition to a type of determinism known as metaphysical determinism.
2.) In your own words describe then compare and contrast the differences between Structuralism and Functionalism. You will need approximately three large paragraphs. (2 pts.)
Structuralism is the psychology that tried to simplify your mind to figure out the big picture. It focused on an individual’s mental response and simplified them. So, for one response they would have a sort of jigsaw puzzle that they could piece together to have an explanation of why and how the response was given ...
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...nd group of 12 rats he administers an equivalent amount of saline solution (saline is simple salt water solution that should have no effect on the rats). He then places both groups in an apparatus that monitors the amount of time that the rats spend feeding. After 24 hours of monitoring the rats, he notices that the rats administered meth amphetamine spent far less time engaged in feeding behavior than did the rats administered saline solution.
- What is the independent variable in this study?
The amount of meth amphetamine and saline used on the different groups.
- What is the dependent variable in this study?
The recorded time the rats spent feeding in both groups.
- Which group is the control group?
The second 12 rats that were injected with saline.
- Which group is the experimental group? (2 pts.)
The first 12 rats that were injected with meth amphetamine
In Peirce’s defense, an idea may be clear without being true in rare and extreme cases but if this is how we lived by when thinking, no one would have a clear and distinct idea because it would always be “untrue”. The diamond on the faraway planet with the evidence of the characteristics of other diamonds would be hard just like the rest, therefore, having a clear and distinct idea of the properties of a diamond, being able to avoid his view that it will never be tested for hardness.
The theory of determinism simply stated is the notion that all current events and everything we experience is determined by past occurrences and we have no control or freedom of choosing what happens in the future(McLeod). It is argued that determinism states that the future can predict and everything that has already happened in the past has an explanation to it. The predictability of events, however, is the principle and we can’t actually predict everything. It follows natural science laws to determine how predictable an occurrence is. If occurrence A is often followed by occurrence B, then A follows B, therefore if A occurs, the probability of B occurring can then be predictable. Several laws and statistical factors are ignored
Determinism is the theory that everything is caused by antecedent conditions, and such things cannot be other than how they are. Though no theory concerning this issue has been entirely successful, many theories present alternatives as to how it can be approached. Two of the most basic metaphysical theories concerning freedom and determinism are soft determinism and hard determinism.
In the structural functionalism perspective, one sees the world as a machine, made of intricate and unique parts all functioning for the benefit of the whole. Kimberly
Determinism is the belief that everything happening in our life is predetermined and we have no control over it. Baron Holbach argues about how our life is determined and what all things are affecting it.
Functionalism is basically a theory that describes the mental state of human beings through the combination of both behaviorism theory and the identity theory of the human mind. According to this theory, mental states of people are majorly identified or rather defined by what they frequently do and
Dualism is the theory that mind and matter are two distinct things. The main argument for dualism is that facts about the objective external world of particles and fields of force, as revealed by modern physical science, are not facts about how things appear from any particular point of view, whereas facts about subjective experience are precisely about how things are from the point of view of individual conscious subjects. They have to be described in the first person as well as in the third person.
As a reader it is difficult to separate ones analysis of such a commanding piece of work from ones own constructed systems of meaning. Because of this, actual meaning is tricky to assert with certainty as it is subject to change as easily as reality is subject to influence. This may be beside the point, however; for it seems as though what matters in structuralism is the recognition that everyone, and everything everyone creates or does, is in some part connected to a system of meaning which informs and influences varying interpretations of what is real and true of the world and its diverse inhabitants.
René Descartes laid the foundations for Cartesian Dualism within his Meditations on First Philosophy. Descartes provides most of his dualist view within the second and sixth meditations. Dualism is the belief, or school, within philosophy of mind that the mind and body are separate. Cartesian Dualism, specifically, is essentially substance dualism, which argues that the mind and body are of separate substances, in Descartes’ case, the mind being spiritual and the body being physical. This viewpoint was a common one during Hobbe...
In this paper, I discuss why Descartes theories on substance dualism and rationalism are correct. I will discuss how Descartes theories go through doubt to certainty. Descartes Meditations are on theories of rationalism and substance dualism; which is if a person truly knows something, and then they couldn’t be mistaken. I support this conclusion with two principle reasons: first because he states that everything is false; his point is to believe something is true. Second is that his goal is to prove the existence of things.
Determinism currently takes two related forms: hard determinism and soft determinism [1][1]. Hard determinism claims that the human personality is subject to, and a product of, natural forces. All of our choices can be accounted for by reference to environmental, social, cultural, physiological and hereditary (biological) causes. Our total character is a product of these environmental, social, cultural, physiological and hereditary forces, thus our beliefs, desires, values and habits are all outside of our control. The hard determinist, therefore, claims that our choices are determined by these factors; free will is an illusion because the choices and decisions we make are derived from our character, which is completely out of our control in creating. An example might help illustrate this point. Consider a man who has just repeatedly stabbed another man outside of a bar; the other man is dead. The hard determinist would argue that there were factors outside of the killer’s control which led him to this action. As a child, he was constantly beaten by his father and was the object of ridicule and contempt of his classmates. This trend of hard luck would continue all his life. Coupled with the fact that he has a gene that has been identified with male aggression, he could not control himself when he pulled the knife out and started stabbing the other man. All this aggression, and all this history were the determinate cause of his action.
Descartes was born 1596 in France. At eight years old he was already in college. Descartes was a scientist and was also known as the father of modern Western Philosophy. He is famous for his book “The mediations of philosophy,” first published in 1641. He is much like me because he refused to stem off other philosophers thought. Instead, he created his philosophy. He is most famous for his quote “I think therefore I am.” This paper will include Descartes doubt, Descartes the cogito, his knowledge of the material world. The principles of the Cartesian epistemology. The “light of nature.”
Descartes ' theory of Substance Dualism states that there are two fundamental substances, mind, and body. The mind and body are completely different from each according to Descartes. The body is an extended thing, meaning it takes up space and has surfaces..
Descartes substance dualism is food for thought, but so is property dualism. This theory is historically associated with the philosopher Baruch Spinoza. The theory is that whilst there may only be one substance, both mental and the physical are different and independent kinds of properties of that one substance, so can manifest in the same object. Spinoza believed that this substance was
It is interesting, then, to further define the crux of this theory in search of what conclusion a modern structuralist reading of a pre-structuralist author, namely Edgar Allan Poe, might yield. Structuralism itself is defined as “modern” but through its own origins “following the widely discussed applications of structural analysis to mythology by the anthropologist Claude Lèvi-Strauss” can be attributed to relatively recent intellectual movements, which then reflect back on the writings of Poe, perhaps evidencing inspiration for the theory in the firs...