Traits that are derived are the only traits that are important to understanding the evolutionary history of primate groups and species. This is due to the fact that derived traits are traits that have just appeared. These traits are the first to appear in an organism. Derived traits differ from the ancestral trait. The difference in traits allows scientists to pinpoint exactly when a species began to evolve. Furthermore, derived traits are of immense importance when configuring phylogenetic trees. By looking at derived traits on a phylogenetic tree one can see how different primate species and groups evolved from their common ancestors. Scientists are able to determine which groups evolved and maintained or developed similar traits, and which
Evolution is the process by which organisms develop unique derived traits. Evolved traits that decrease an organism’s survival rate are selected against in a population. Traits that increase an organism’s survival rate, on the other hand, are often selected for, meaning that those traits will appear more frequently in the genetic codes of members in a population. This process of selection can take several forms, one of them called sexual selection. Sexual selection occurs when one member of a particular species selects a mate with more favorable traits than other members of their species. An example of sexual selection would be the evolution of “hairlessness” in modern humans. Modern humans do not have a single coat of undiversified hair, unlike
Primate (Latin: "prime, first rank"), which includes prosimians and simians ( Goodman, Tagle, Fitch, Bailey, Czelusniak ,and Koop ,1990). Primates are descendent that emerge from their predecessor that lived in the trees of tropical forests; A lot of primate features shows how they adapt to survive in this demanding habitat.Majority of the primate species are pertain to trees.
Feder and Park present a list of traits that are used by paleoanthropologists to distinguish the appearance of skeletal features and characterize these changes over time. Th...
comes from and how they evolved in the manner that they did. This type of
This is because the theory suggested that the traits would be more common through generations if the environment did not make it less common. In other w...
Trait theory is "an individuals relatively consistent way of thinking, feeling, and behaving across situations" in relation to communication (Littlejohn & Foss, 2011). Trait theory could also be classified as a personality theory since personality is what causes a person to behave a certain way due to his or her emotional qualities, or way of thinking and feeling. Communication is " the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else" ("communication," 2013). Komarraju et al. (2011) define communication as a process to encode, recall, organize, and apply information. When comparing the definitions for both trait and communication, it becomes clear that personality is a large factor in communication since both utilize behaviors due to thoughts and feelings. Although thoughts and feelings are associated with emotions, emotions and personality are not synonymous, though emotions are often mistaken as an individual's personality (Hall, Gunnery, & Andrzejewski, DATE).
Social groups of primates closely relate to sexual dimorphism, because how each of their communities interact with one another plays a large role in sexual selection. Sexual selection, as Darwin stated, is a key factor and cause in the morphological dimorphism between sexes of a species. Additionally, sexual selection comes from male competition, which directly correlates to primate’s social structures. For example, genus gorilla is a part of a polygynous mating system, which consists of one male and multiple female. This creates an environment where males must compete with one another to reproduce and create offspring. Due to this competition, males must prove to be strong and attract themselves to females to ensure reproductive success. These strong male traits are favored in sexual selection, because the females are highly particular about the male they mate with, so there become specific male traits that are most desirable. Therefore, in polygynous groups, sexual dimorphism is the greatest (Frayer, Wolpoff, 1985). In comparison, a monogamous primate such as genus hylobate or gibbons has a social structure that consists of a more nuclear based family. There is a lot less male competition because males do not mate with multiple females. Therefore, primates are less dimorphic in monogamous social structures (Frayer, Wolpoff,
Human Evolution. (2010). In A. B. Cobb (Ed.), Animal Sciences. New York: Macmillan Reference USA. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/scic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow
Species can be perceived by their make and after some time population change, specific and lineage split into new species. For instance, we can all observe that there is a "most distant point" that isolates pooches from chimpanzees and chimpanzees from individuals. For a critical long time, researchers recalled that one animal types from another by perceivable separations in external and internal features. Since various
B.M.de Waal, Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us about Human Social Evolution. Havard University Press: Massachusets, 2001.
In conclusion, the Homo Sapien is the most complex creature and it gets most of its features from past ancestors. The Homo Sapien gets its walking upright ability from the Australopithecus Genus. We get our large molars from the the Paranthropus Genus. We also get our cultural and artwork abilities from the Homo Erectus group. We learned our craftsman skills from the Homo Habilis group. Overall the Homo Sapien’s group is very diverse with all the evolving it has done from the beginning of time and passed on from generation to generation these skills, and these skills are still used until this day, we would never be as advanced as we are today if it weren't for the past of the human race.
With the studies that Charles Darwin obtained he published his first work, “The Origin of Species.” In this book he explained how for millions of years animals, and plants have evolved to better help their existence. Darwin reasoned that these living things had gradually changed over time to help themselves. The changes that he found seemed to have been during the process of reproduction. The traits which would help them survive became a dominant trait, while the weaker traits became recessive. A good example of what Darwin was trying to explain is shown in giraffes. Long-necked giraffes could reach the food on the trees, while the short-necked giraffes couldn’t. Since long necks helped the giraffes eat, short-necked giraffes died off from hunger. Because of this long-necks became a dominant trait in giraffes. This is what Charles Darwin would later call natural selection.
This is the most common form of evolution, this is simply where those traits that are most beneficial for survival will inevitably carry on through the population, and those traits which hinder survival or don't help are more likely to die off. This makes sense. If a giraffe has a short neck, that giraffe will not have the same access to food as those with long necks. Eventually, the short neck giraffes will die off.
In this essay, I will discuss and define both speciesism and moral individualism according to Paola Cavalieri’s book, The Animal Question. Additionally, I will provide my opinion on which is the strongest argument for speciesism and why I still disagree with it.