Data Collection and Analysis
Questionnaire
The research carried on both quantitative approach and qualitative approach. It began with quantitative approach—questionnaire. Bryman and Bell (2003) asserted that mail or postal questionnaires are most popular forms of questionnaires. Another form—self-completion questionnaire was also common because of the overlap with postal questionnaire to some extent.
The questionnaire was self-completion questionnaire which sometimes is named self-administered questionnaire. It is to say that respondents completed the questionnaires by themselves (Bryman and Bell, 2003). The research conducted an online survey though a professional website called ‘survey monkey’. There is no doubt that it is a cheaper and easier way to collect information for researcher. In addition, it is convenient for respondents as well.
The questionnaire encompassed five sections. The first section was introduction. The aim of the research and the completing time of the questionnaire were introduced in the section and make sure the respondents know the security of the information they offered. The second section included only two demographic questions, which are ‘What is your gender?’ and ‘How old are you?’ The two questions were design to select useful information. The respondents who are female and age between 18-24 or 25-35 were contributed to the research. Others were seen as invalid questionnaires. The third section was the most important section of the questionnaire. There were ten closed questions in the third section which follow an easy to hard order, but eight of them were single answer question whereas the rest two were multiple choices questions. The first question ‘Are you interested in fashion br...
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...ipants were the students with Shanghai background, who studied abroad. Group study room in the Leicester’s library was a good choice for focus group. It was a competitive formal focus group.
Therefore, one focus group used English as the main language to discuss and the rest five focus groups talked in Chinese. All the record discussions were translated into English in transcribe process.
In the analysis process, all the questions of six focus groups were summarised into six main themes: 1) Customers’ attitudes towards fashion brands, 2) Powerful brand evaluation, 3) Attitudes towards shopping for fashion brands online, 4) Factors affecting purchasing choice, 5) Promotion evaluation, 6) Evaluation of channels of accessing to fashion brands, 7) Challenges of building fashion brands in Shanghai. Then the discussion was developed around the seven main themes.
Two sampling methods include mail surveys and convenience sampling, a variation of a nonprobability sample. Mail surveys, inexpensive way to contact individuals over a large geographical area, provide anonymity to the respondent, and eliminate interview bias. Convenience sampling, a nonprobability sample, the only criteria is the convenience of the unit to the researcher, fast and uncomplicated, but the sampling error not determined.
In the previous chapters I discussed the problem of the lack of healthy eating promotion programs in schools are leaving parents and students uneducated about how to purchase healthy items which is leading to childhood obesity. I also discussed how the problem is being addressed, as well as the theory of social constructionism. In this chapter, I will discuss the specific methodology I plan to use and the three different types of data collection I plan to employ to carry out my study. This study will use a qualitative approach to study and address the issue of the lack of healthy eating promotion in schools. The three types of data collection I plan to use are: direct observation, focus groups and a questionnaire. These methods will be clarified later in this chapter.
In this part of my essay the results of the questionnaire are presented. The aim of this part is to get a comprehensive picture about people’s opinion in connection with vampires and their images. I am curious about which vampire do today’s people prefer and which characteristics are best known; the classic or the modern type. I would also like to be informed about which literary works and movies have they heard about containing vampires and to what extent is this knowledge in connection with age and gender. This survey is divided into three parts; the first part contains personal information, the second part is about the respondent’s general knowledge of those literary works, which include vampires and the last part is the common people’s opinions and experiences about vampirism. All in all, my goal is to find out; are the issues presented in chapter one are as serious as it is often said?
Since 1967 Polo Ralph Lauren the brand is impeccable example for how a company must develop strong brand equity through the years. Indeed, the brand has established its image across a diversity of products and markets using a perfect lifestyle marketing approach. To understand how the brand has achieved strong brand equity, and resonance with its customers, analy...
Almost every year a hurricane blast through Florida and takes its toll on the business, industry and affects the lives and dollars of the company and its workers. One can ask themselves, "How do we prevent this from happening again?" This is usually what businesses and persons affected by a hurricane ask each other. What about a hospital? How would a hospital prepare for a hurricane? To complicate things more, how would a hospital prepare for a hurricane if the hospital is to operate 24 hours a day? This is the question that Pierre, Keith, Carol, Getta and James have proposed.
Second limitation face by the researcher was conducting the questionnaire. As the respondents were primary school students, researcher need to take a very long time to explain about the questionnaire to the students.
The design of the questionnaire is based on the descriptive survey format (Oppenheim, 2002); however, as it is just a first attempt at designing the questionnaire, I can predict that after having carried out the pilot work (ibid), the ordering of questions sequences could be changed.
Stewart D. W., & Shamdasani P. N., (1990), Focus Groups: Theory and Practice, London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: SAGE Publications
I made the questionnaire with the help of www.surveymonkey.com and I linked it into the most popular community webpage so everybody could fill it, who was interested in the topic. 3.2 – Data and Participants To get
There are many elements involved in conducting a proper research. The two general types of research designs are qualitative and quantitative. These types of designs are different in many ways. Quantitative is an objective research typically focused on numerical data. Qualitative research is subjective research focused on narrative data. This paper further elaborates on many elements that separate quantitative research from qualitative research.
Therefore the research methodology followed was qualitative. The qualitative methodology will be able to capture and measure through the research questions. The measurement will be done through data which will be collected in the form of document, words, transcripts and observation.
Focusing on surveys and questionnaires, and quantitative research methods, it varies on the person getting questioned as to which method they prefer. Some individuals may prefer to fill in a questionnaire, as it is quick and simple for them, whereas someone else would rather have a face-to-face interview because they may find questionnaires to complicated. Giving people the choice gives the more chance of getting a response overall. It is important that the researchers are aware of the advantages and disadvantages because they will then be aware of what method to use, and will know what method is best to use. It is also an advantage to work with experienced researchers in order to find out the best results.
The questionnaire comprised of different sorts of inquiries say Open-ended survey, Close-ended and Multiple-choice questionnaire.
Perhaps the way to define what survey research is, is best done by understanding what is it not. Survey research is not design although some have argued that it contains aspects very similar to design. Some scholars have even called it art rather than a science. I tend to agree with them because the management of the various component of survey research is crucial to it yielding valid data. To this end, Trochim and Donnelly (2008) note that one of the means researchers utilize to collect data is via survey research. Considered to be premier in applied social research, survey research is critical in this field of psychology because it information regarding research questions are collected from the first hand source. Thus, social scientists tend to embrace survey research because it enables them to gather and analyze data concerning relevant topics/issues as it relates to applied science (Meltzoff, 1998; Trochim and Donnelly, 2008). Additionally, the flexibility of survey research coupled with it broad methods for collecting data make it both researcher and participant friendly....
Qualitative data analysis is the process of transforming data into information, information into understanding and understanding into knowledge (Davenport & Prusak, 1998). Furthermore, qualitative data analysis can be described as a blend of scientific studies and artistic style to create an innovative product. The research acts as the primary research tool, and must be able to sustain composer throughout the entire study. In addition, the researcher must be able to pay attention to the small details of the study, without losing sight of the big picture of the study (Chenail, 2012).